[The significance of leukotrienes in the development of ventilatory and hemodynamic lung disorders in chronic obstructive lung diseases]. / Znachenie leikotrienov v razvitii narushenii ventiliatsii i gemodinamiki legkikh pri khronicheskikh obstruktivnykh zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

82 patients aging 18-67 with chronic obstructive lung diseases have been examined. The control group consisted of 35 healthy persons. Ventilation have been assessed by "stream-volume" technique, pulmonary blood circulation was studied rheopulmographically, the content of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (leukotrienes B4 and C4D4E4) was determined by radioimmunoassay. All the patients were divided into three groups with regard to the degree of respiratory and heart failure: the first group--moderate ventilatory disorders, the second group--pronounced respiratory and initial heart failure, the third one--severe respiratory and heart failure. The content of leukotrienes of all classes was found to be increased mainly in patients of the second and third groups. Circulatory disorders manifested in pre- and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. Leukotrienes' level, pulmonary hypertension and the degree of ventilatory disorders correlated closely.

[The treatment of acquired deficiency of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in the early stages of chronic obstructive lung diseases]. / Lechenie priobretennogo defitsita al'fa 1-ingibitora proteinaz na rannikh stadiiakh khronicheskikh obstruktivnykh zabolevanii legkikh.

A new treatment scheme is proposed with a differential approach to correction of acquired deficiency of proteinase alpha-1 inhibitor. The treatment includes periodically repeated courses of antioxidant agents. In case of failure antioxidant agents are supplemented with courses of substitutive therapy by courses of proteolysis inhibitors up to normalization. Further treatment included repeated courses of antioxidant treatment for a more prolonged remission and prophylaxis of exacerbations.

[Serotonin receptors blocker ketanserin in the combined therapy of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Primenenie blokatora serotoninovykh retseptorov ketanserina v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktibnym bronkhitom.

The addition of ketanserin (a blocker of serotonin S2-receptors) to treatment of bronchial obstruction is shown to lower plasma and platelet concentrations of serotonin, leukotriene B4 level in the lavage fluid, to shift prostacyclin-thromboxane balance to the side of prostacyclin. In 40 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis treated, the above changes were associated with persistent clinical response, a decrease of bronchial obstruction, being the most profound in a group of patients with chronic catarrhal bronchitis.

[Effect of ketotifen on the eicosanoid system, immunoreactivity and bronchial patency in patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases]. / Vliianie ketotifena na sistemu éikozanoidov, immunologicheskuiu reaktivnost' i bronkhial'nuiu prokhodimost' u bol'nykh s obstruktivnymi zabolevaniiami legkikh.

A study was made of the effect of ketotifen on the concentration of leukotriene B4, prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the liquid of bronchoalveolar lavage and on external respiration and cellular immunity during 4 weeks of the treatment of patients with infection-dependent bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Inclusion of ketotifen into the treatment of patients with bronchial obstruction exerts a stimulating action on the suppressor component of T-cell immunity, leads to a decrease of the content of leukotriene B4 and thromboxane A2 in the lavage liquid, which is accompanied by positive shifts in the clinical course of the broncho-obstructive syndrome. Ketotifen turned out most effective in patients with an initially low content of the subpopulation of T suppressors and with high concentrations of leukotriene B4 and thromboxane A2 in the liquid of bronchoalveolar lavage.

[The leukotriene B4 content of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the function of the prostacyclin-thromboxane system in patients with variants of chronic bronchitis]. / Soderzhanie leikotriena B4 v zhidkosti bronkhoal'veoliarnogo lavazha i sostoianie prostatsiklintromboksanovoi sistemy u bol'nykh s razlichnymi variantami khronicheskogo bronkhita.

A study was made of the content of leukotriene B4, prostacycline and thromboxane A2 in the fluid of bronchoalveolar lavage in 62 patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) in the stage of exacerbation and remission. The time course of changes in the concentration of the eukosanoids was compared with the status of pulmonary local defense factors and cellular immunity. In catarrhal obstructive bronchitis, an important mechanism of a steady maintenance of bronchial obstruction involved a rise of the content of leukotriene B4 whereas in purulent obstructive bronchitis, it was an excess level of thromboxane A2. It is assumed that immunologically dependent activation of the leukotriene B4 and thromboxane synthetase capacity of alveolar macrophages may stipulate the clinical course of CB, modulating the bronchoconstrictor or inflammatory component of the disease. To correct phlogogenous function of alveolar macrophages, the use of immunomodulating therapy with a selective action on the suppressor component of immunity is desirable.

[Effect of endobronchial laser therapy on the local protection system of the lungs in patients with protracted pneumonia]. / Vliianie éndobronkhial'noi lazernoi terapii na sistemu mestnoi zashchity legkikh u bol'nykh zatiazhnoi pnevmoniei.

A study of the local pulmonary defense system in 64 patients with protracted pneumonia revealed that endobronchial low-energy laser therapy promoted activation of local defense of the lungs, increased the functional capacity of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, lysozyme synthesis and improved rheological properties of bronchial secretion.

[Immune system function and lipid peroxidation processes in protracted forms of pneumonia]. / Sostoianie immunnoi sistemy i protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri zatiazhnykh formakh pnevmonii.

The authors studied the characteristic features of cellular and humoral immunity as well as the intensity of free-radical lipid peroxidation in 74 patients with acute and protracted course of acute pneumonia. A close relationship was established between immune disorders at the level of the regulatory link and the activity of peroxidation of lipids during transformation of acute pneumonia into protracted. It is shown that the content of products of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes during the first days of the disease may be a well-informative criterion reflecting the character of course of the inflammatory process in the lungs and adequate immune response. This may be used for the prognosis of protracted forms of pneumonia.