[Diabetes mellitus: facts and hypotheses]. / Sakharnyi diabet: fakty i gipotezy.

The paper summarizes the experience gained in examining diabetes mellitus and its complications in the experimental and clinical settings for many years. It forwards the basic aspects in the major problems of diabetology: etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy. The paper analyses the fate of some hypotheses advanced in different years and emphasizes new advances made in theory and practice of medicine.

[Effect of mineralocorticoids on the Na, K-ATPase activity of the rat brain]. / Vliianie mineralokortikoidov na aktivnost' Na, K-ATFazy golovnogo mozga krys.

The effect of desoxycorticosterone (DOC) on Na, K-ATPase activity was studied in vivo and in vitro on microsomal rat brain fractions. An hour after intramuscular administration of DOC a noticeable increase in the enzyme activity was observed. Preincubation of microsomal brain fractions with 5 and 15 mkg/ml of DOC caused a decrease in Na, K-ATPase activity, with the results evident 3-5 minutes after the addition of the hormone into the incubation medium. The idea of a two-phase hormonal effect is suggested. It is likely that desoxycorticosterone effect is realized both by the direct influence, on Na, K-ATPase of the brain plasma membrane and by the influence on the biosynthesis.

[Na, K-ATPase activity of the microsomal fraction of the rat brain exposed to insulin]. / Aktivnost' Na, K-ATFazy mikrosomnoi fraktsii golovnogo mozga krys pri deistvii insulina.

The effect of insulin on the activity of Na, K-ATPase was studied in rat brain microsomes. Addition of insulin to the incubation medium in a dose of 0.18 U/ml coupled with strophanthine did not change the enzyme activity. The raising of the hormone dose to 0.36 U/ml was accompanied by inhibition of the enzyme activity. The incubation duration (10 and 30 min) did not influence the Na-pump. Preincubation of brain microsomes with insulin for 5 min significantly activated Na, K-ATPase. It has been thus demonstrated that insulin is capable of influencing the activity of Na, K-ATPase of rat brain microsomes in vitro. The effect obtained depends both on the dose of the hormone introduced into the incubation medium and the experimental conditions.

[A change in interneuronal transmission of excitation in the diencephalic regions of the brain under the influence of desoxycorticosterone]. / Izmeneniia mezhneironnoi peredachi vozbuzhdeniia v diéntsefal'nykh otdelakh mozga pod vliianiem dezoksikortikosterona

Experiments were conducted on cats with the aid of electrophysiological methods and the use of blockers of cholino- and adrenoreceptors. It was shown that desoxycorticosterone facilitated the interneuronal transmission of excitation in the diencephalic portions of the brain. This was associated with the excitation under the effect of hormone of M-cholino- and beta-adrenoreceptors of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus present on the postsynaptic membrane.