RESUMO
In recent years, the problem of diagnosing and treating neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) has become relevant in view of its prevalence reaching 1.6-11.0 per 10000 people. While previously it was associated only with neuroparalytic keratitis, at present the violation of sensitive and trophic innervation of the cornea with the development of characteristic keratopathy is observed in many diseases and injuries of the organ of vision. Diagnosis of NK is based on anamnestic information and assessment of clinical and functional parameters: determination of the stability of the tear film, tear production and assessment of staining of the ocular surface with vital dyes. The main role in the diagnosis of NK belongs to corneal sensitivity determined with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Treatment of NK is designed to restore or increase corneal sensitivity and involves tear replacement therapy, instillations of preparations derived from patient's own blood, anti-inflammatory, metabolic and antibacterial therapy. However, instillations of human erve growth factor (NGF) - the drug Cenegermin (registered in Europe in 2017 at a dose of 20 µg/ml under the name Oxervate), a recombinant form of human rhNGF from Escherichia coli bacteria - exhibit the highest pathogenetic orientation. Its «target¼ is the affected nerve fibers (specific receptors for their growth factor), which makes it possible to eliminate the violation of reparative processes in neural and epithelial cells. A high and long-term clinical efficacy of a course of six (with an interval of 2 hours) instillations of the drug for 8 weeks in the treatment of children and adults with NK has been established. Among the pathogenetically justified methods of surgical treatment, there is the so-called surgical neurotization of the cornea involving the contralateral supraorbital, supratrochlear, great auricular and other nerves, which has a long-term clinical effect.
