Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick populations in Estonia, the European part of Russia and Belarus.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is associated with diseases of goats, sheep, cattle, dogs and horses. In the beginning of the 1990s it was identified as a human pathogen, causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in the USA, Europe and the far east of Russia. A. phagocytophilum is maintained in nature in an enzootic cycle including ticks as the main vector and a wide range of mammalian species as reservoirs. Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks were collected in Estonia, Belarus and the European part of Russia and screened for the presence of A. phagocytophilum by real-time PCR. Positive samples were found only among I. ricinus, in 13.4% in the European part of Russia, 4.2% in Belarus, 1.7% in mainland Estonia and 2.6% on Saaremaa Island. Positive samples were sequenced for partial 16S rRNA, groESL and ankA genes and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The results showed that A. phagocytophilum circulating in Eastern Europe belongs to different groESL lineages and 16S rRNA gene variants and also consists of variable numbers of repetitive elements within the ankA gene.

[Pain-alleviating action of gidifen and its combinations with analgesics]. / Izuchenie boleutoliaiushchego deistviia gidifena i ego sochetanii s anal'getikami.

The analgesic effect of gidifen, a new tranquilizer belonging to the group of organophosphorus compounds, manifests itself in relatively high doses (1/3 of the LD50). The quantitative characteristics of the analgesic action depends on the method for evaluating the analgesic action of the drug. On combined use of gidifen and analgesics applied in a definite dosage range the analgesic effect is potentiated. If the tranquilizer under study is combined with non-narcotic analgesics, the above potentiation is accompanied with an increase in the toxicity and myorelaxant activity of gidifen. On combination of the latter with morphine the parameters under consideration are unchanged. According to the pattern of interaction with analgesics gidifen does not differ in principle from benzodiazepine tranquilizers. However, the drug is not superior to benzodiazepines in this respect.

[Diurnal and seasonal rhythms of cerebral cortex activity during exercise]. / Sutochnye i sezonnye ritmy aktivnosti kory nadpochechnikov u belykh krys pri fizicheskikh trenirovkakh.

The influence of the seasonal morning and evening exercises upon circadian rhythms of adrenocortical activity and some morphological and physiological data were studied. The exercise are seemed to synchronize circadian rhythms and adrenocortical activity. Moreover, it was shown that the exercise effect on circadian rhythms and adrenocortical activity depends both on the animals' day and night functional state and on the seasonal condition.