[On the move-Prevention of chronic pain with physical activity and movement]. / "On the Move" ­ Prävention chronischer Schmerzen durch körperliche Aktivität und Bewegung.

BACKGROUND: Sufficient physical activity and exercise shows a variety of health-promoting positive effects. In the context of pain therapy, promotion of physical activity could be an important contribution to primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of chronic pain. OBJECTIVES: The aim is to investigate the relationship between physical activity and chronic pain, the preventive effect of physical activity on pain and the factors to successfully promote physical activity in people with chronic pain. METHODS: For this narrative review databases of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were searched for reviews and studies with the keywords chronic pain, physical activity, movement, exercise and prevention. RESULTS: A total of 10 reviews, 10 clinical studies and 4 surveys were included and summarized. CONCLUSION: Although the evidence base on this topic is still insufficient, positive effects of physical activity on the prevention of chronic pain could be demonstrated. Interventions for people with chronic pain that sustainably increase physical activity should take into account individual resources, address barriers such as maladaptive beliefs, and create positive movement experiences.

[German version of the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire : Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity]. / Die deutsche Version des Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire : Übersetzung, transkulturelle Adaptation, Reliabilität und Validität.

BACKGROUND: Excellence in Pain Education was the motto of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Global Year Campaign for 2018. Explaining pain neurobiology to patients is one part of pain education. To assess patient's pain knowledge, the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) has been extensively used internationally. The present study describes the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the German version of the NPQ (NPQ­D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire was translated and adapted following established recommendations. A total of 169 patients and 122 physiotherapists completed the NPQ­D. The patients also completed the SF12 and the FFbH-R for the purpose of construct validation of the NPQ­D. Furthermore, 55 patients repeated the NPQ­D after 10 days. The NPQ­D was tested for dimensionality, internal consistency, construct validity and test-retest reliability. RESULTS: Internal consistency was α = 0.52. An exploratory factor analysis revealed four different factors. Therapists did show significantly higher NPQ­D scores than patients (p < 0.001) and therapist who have been educated in pain neurophysiology scored significantly higher than therapists without this education (p < 0.01). Test-retest reliability was high (ICC = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.82-0.93). There were no correlations between NPQ­D and SF12 or FFbH-R indicating construct validity of the NPQ­D. CONCLUSIONS: The NPQ has been translated and adapted into German. The psychometric properties show satisfactory results and the questionnaire can be recommended for clinicians and researchers alike to assess pain knowledge and changes in pain knowledge after pain education interventions.