RESUMO
Exercise has been shown to increase mRNA expression of a growing number of genes. The aim of this study was to assess if mRNA expression of the metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4), COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2), SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) and HSP70 (heat shock protein 70) in saliva changes following acute exercise stress in dogs. For this purpose, 12 avalanche dogs of the Italian Military Force Guardia di Finanza were monitored during simulation of a search for a buried person in an artificial avalanche area. Rectal temperature (RT) and saliva samples were collected the day before the trial (T0), immediately after the descent from a helicopter at the onset of a simulated avalanche search and rescue operation (T1), after the discovery of the buried person (T2) and 2 h later (T3). Expressions of GLUT4, SOD1, COX2 and HSP70 were measured by real-time PCR. The simulated avalanche search and rescue operation was shown to exert a significant effect on RT, as well as on the expression of all metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes investigated, which peaked at T2. The observed expression patterns indicate an acute exercise stress-induced upregulation, as confirmed by the reductions in expression at T3. Moreover, our findings indicate that saliva is useful for assessing metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes without the need for restraint, which could affect working dog performance.
Assuntos
Cães/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Saliva/metabolismo , Animais , Avalanche , Biomarcadores/análise , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/genética , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Masculino , Militares , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase-1 , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: This is a report of an exceptional case of isolated cervical juvenile xanthogranuloma in a child. OBJECTIVES: This case report draws attention to the fact that isolated xanthogranuloma of the central nervous system should be considered among possible diagnosis of subdural extramedullary spinal masses in children and young adults. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Isolated juvenile xanthogranuloma of the central nervous system is extremely rare. When located in the spinal canal it behaves like any extramedullary mass-occupying lesion. MRI depicts the tumor's association with adjacent structures. In cases in which a subtotal surgical removal was possible, radiotherapy has been indicated. METHODS: A three-year-old girl presented severe pain in the right shoulder and spastic tetraparesis. The MRI showed an intradural extramedullary mass homogeneously enhancing after DTPA-gadolinium infusion. Complete surgical removal of the tumor was performed through open-door laminoplasty. RESULTS: The child was pain free immediately after the surgical removal of the tumor. A gradual complete recovery of the neurologic deficits followed. Open-door laminoplasty provided sufficient operative space, and it minimized the impact on the growing spinal column. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated juvenile xanthogranuloma does not show any predilections of localization inside the central nervous system. Both intracranial and spinal juvenile xanthogranulomas appear isointense in MRI and enhance homogeneously with gadolinium. Whenever possible, total surgical removal alone seems to be curative. Otherwise, a subtotal removal of the tumor might be followed by radiotherapy. Immunohistochemical tests ensure the diagnosis.
