[Problems of railway medicine at the Pirogov Congresses. Report 2: Organization of medical care for resettlers].

The article is devoted to the problems of medical and sanitary support for the transportation of resettlers by rail in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The basis for the performed historical reconstruction was the materials of the railway medicine section of the congresses of the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of N. I. Pirogov.

The problems of railroad medicine at the Pirogov Congresses. Report I. The organization of medical care at railroad transport.

The article considers problems of organization of medical care at railroad transport in Russia at beginning of XX century. The implemented historical reconstruction was based on materials of section of railroad medicine of Congresses of the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of N. I. Pirogov. The issues are analyzed concerning legal basis of railroad medicine, duties of services and position of railroad physicians, principles of organization of medical sanitary unit and medical care of passengers, organization of sanitary supervision of status of railroad workers and ensuring safety on railroad transport.

[Sergej Aleksandrovich Novoselsky (1872-1953)].

The article is devoted to one of the founders of sanitary and demographic statistics in Russia. The works of S. A. Novoselsky covering issues of natality, total and child mortality, average life expectancy attained blaze of publicity and until present time keep their significance. S. A. Novoselsky developed for the first time both complete Russian population mortality tables and first the USSR population mortality tables.

[The contribution of medical community into elaboration of theoretical problems of health care in the sixties of XIX century].

The article considers activity of medical societies in 1860s related to theoretical development of problems of organization of Zemstvo medicine, sanitary statistics, medical topographical studies, preventive course of public medicine. It is demonstrated that results of these activities hereinafter were widely applied in the course of health care reforms of the second half of XIX century.

[The problems of military medicine at the Pirogov congresses of physicians during the First World War in 1914-1918].

The article is devoted to discussion of organizational problems of military medicine at the Pirogov congresses of physicians during the First World War. A number of speeches of military physicians at the meetings of the military section of the congresses in 1914-1918 are analyzed. The ideas sounded at the Pirogov congresses were considered in the process of developing the Soviet health care system. The study of the materials of the congresses gives a notion of burning questions of military medicine of the studied period.

[The problems of military medicine at the Pirogov congresses of physicians (1887-1913)].

The article is devoted to the activities of the military medicine section of the Pirogov congresses of physicians in the late XIX - early XX centuries. A number of contributions of military physicians at the meetings of the section are analyzed. The famous surgeons N. A. Velyaminov, S. P. Kolomnin, V. I. Razumovsky, M. S. Subbotin, N. V. Sklifosovsky and others participated in the military medicine section activities. The study of the materials of the congresses provides notions about the most burning issues of military medicine of the studied period.

[The failed reform of higher medical education in Russia in the beginning of the XX century].

In 1907-1910, the Pirogov Society prepared project of large-scale reform of university medical education. The elite of medical community and the students of Russia criticized the organization and content of educational process at medical faculties of Russian universities and developed set of proposals their reforming. In particular, suggestions were made about changing target goals of medical faculties functioning, transferring to two-stage model of training of physician, revising scope and character of teaching theoretical medical disciplines and organizing a number of new chairs.

[The section of physician everyday life at the Pirogov Congresses. Report II. The problems of revision of the medical sanitary legislation].

The section of physician everyday life of the Pirogov congresses discussed not only issues related to economic and legal status of physicians. At its sessions, the need for reforming medical and sanitary legislation and expediency of organization of independent Ministry of health care were considered. Also, various ethical problems of medical activity were brought up (responsibility for non-attendance of patient, court of honor, medical secrecy). The loaded social issues such as abolition of abbacinaire and the death penalty were raised.

[The section of physician's everyday life at the Pirogov Congresses. Report I. The problems of material and legal status of Russian physicians].

The article is devoted to the history of organization and functioning of the section of physician everyday life at the sessions of the Congress of the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of N. I. Pirogov (Pirogov Society). The section, going beyond everyday life and occupational problems, considered issues related to economic and legal status of physicians. The section, having no hope in government assistance, tried to organize public organizations protecting interests and rights of physicians and loan-society as well.

[The contribution of M. N. Akhutin in field surgery (to the 75th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic war)].

The article is devoted to M. N. Akhutin (1899-1848), one of the founders of the Russian military field surgery, lieutenant general of the medical service, professor, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of medical Sciences, chief of the Military medical Academy (1940-1941). M. N. Akhutin, disciple of V. A. Oppel, was active participant in the battles at the lake Hasan and the Khalkhin-Gol river (1838-1939). During the Great Patriotic War, he was the chief surgeon of the Bryansk, 2nd Baltic and 1st Ukrainian fronts. Since 1945 he was deputy chief surgeon of the Soviet Army. He is author of works on military field surgery. He was the first director of the A. V. Vishnevsky institute of surgery and the head of the department of faculty surgery of the I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow medical Institute.

[The organization and activities of the Chief Board of State Health Care in Russia (September 1916 - February 1917)].

The article is devoted to the history of the organization in Russia of the Main Department of public health management in Russia - the world's first Ministry of Health that was organized resulting the activities of the Commission headed by the academician G. E. Rein. The article considers aspects of opposing to its organization by the democratic medical community which was concerned about bureaucratization of medical and sanitary activities and which disappeared with liquidation of this institution on the eve of the February Revolution. The role of academician G. E. Rein in the organization of the Main Department, as well as the fate of the activities of his Commission in preparing reforms in the field of health is demonstrated.

[S. I. Mitckevich, the public physician, revolutionary, writer (to the one hundred fiftieth anniversary)].

The article presents the course of life and various activities of S. I. Mitskevich, public physician, participant of revolutionary movement, Soviet health care professional. He was author of "The Memoirs of Public Physician"/ Не also studied psychoneurosis in the Trans-Polar Lands and founded leprosy and municipal hospital in the city of Sredne-Kolymsk.

[The role of the state in becoming and development of Zemstvo medicine in 1860-1890].

The article discusses the government's policy towards the Zemstvo self-government bodies, the influence of increased administrative and political oversight on the establishment and development of Zemstvo medicine, the achievements of the zemstvo doctors in the struggle for public, qualified assistance to the population despite the government policy of limiting the independence of Zemstvo institutions.

[On the History of Implementation of Dispensary Methodology in 1920s in Russia].

The article considers the development of preventive direction and implementation of dispensary methodology into health care practice during the first decade after organization of the RSFSR Narkomzdrav. The roles of such leaders of the Soviet health care as N. A. Semashko and Z. P. Soloviev in organizing functioning of dispensaries, including experience of the Moscow health care agencies in the organization of dispensarization are demonstrated.

[The Narkomzdrav of the Russian Socialist Federal Republic Organizational Input into Struggle with Social Diseases During 1920s].

The organizational input into struggle with social diseases became one of priority directions of functioning of the Narkomzdrav of the Russian Socialist Federal Republic during 1920s. The legal foundation base was developed. The network of medical organizations was organized. The scientific research and education activities were implemented.

[N.A. Semashko, the First People's Commissar of Health Care].

The article is devoted to 100th anniversary of organization of the Narkomzdrav of the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. The input of N.A. Semashko, the People's Commissar of Health Care, is presented concerning organization of the state central board of the national medical sanitary business, organization of the Soviet health care system and development of its major principles. The archive sources were involved to through light upon other aspects of activity of N.A. Semashko, including struggle with arrests of physicians during the Civil War, circumstances of his displacement from the position of People's Commissar of Health Care, work as a director of the Institute of health care organization and history of medicine.

[The Repressions Concerning Physicians During the Civil War].

The article presents facts of mass arests of physicians by the organs of the All-Russian Special Commission for Combating Counter-revolution and Sabotage during years of the Civil war in Russia in conditions of large-scale epidemics and acute lacking of medical personnel. The article demonstrates the straggle for liberation of physicians led by the RSFSR Narkomzdrav under the direct leadership of N. A. Semashko.

The chief of Medical department of Military ministry.

World's first biography of Tarasov D.K. (1792-1866), honorary surgeon in ordinary to the king, prominent figure in Russian military medicine. Since 1820 he had accompanied the Emperor Alexander I on trips across Russia and abroad, and had been present at his death. In 1827-1836 he was a civilian-general headquarters doctor. As a director of the Medical Department of the Military Ministry (1836-1846), carried out a number of important reforms to streamline the medical service in the Russian army. He was one of the founders (1833) and long-term president of the Society of Russian Phmirians in St. Petersburg.

[For fortieth anniversary of organization of national narcological service].

The 1975 is a year of organization in the USSR of independent service with the competence to regulate problems of alcoholism, drug addiction and toxicomania. The narcological dispensary, public narcological posts and night-time preventoriums were organized. The persons with chronic alcoholism were directed to forced treatment for preventive purpose.

[Nikolai Illarionovich Kozlov--a scientist, a doctor, an outstanding organizer of Military Medicine (To the 200th anniversary of the birth)].

To Kozlov N.I. (1814-1889) belong numerous achievements in the organization of military medical unit during the Crimean (1853-1856) and the Russian-Turkish (1877-1878) wars, the introduction of women's medical education in Russia, establishment of an improvement system for the military doctors, edition for their medical guidelines, the organization of military health care in Russia.