Clinical Report on an Implant-Supported Overdenture in a Parkinson's Patient.

Speaking, chewing, and swallowing difficulties can result from Parkinson's disease (PD), which frequently affects the oro-pharyngeal muscles. The reduction in food and hydration intake that is unavoidable leads to a worsening of neurological symptoms. Patients with Parkinson's disease experience significant challenges when adjusting to wearing entire dentures. Each of these problems presents a considerable challenge for the doctor in terms of prosthodontic rehabilitation. This case study describes how a patient with Parkinson's disease was able to employ flexible removable partial dentures supported by implants to replace both their full and partial set of missing teeth. A well-made prosthesis will help the patient with their psychological, functional, and aesthetic impairments.

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Among Health Professions' Students at Kabul University of Medical Sciences.

Background: Numerous investigations have revealed that oral issues are quite common among young Afghans. Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior are the three oral health-related population dimensions that need to be assessed in order to design effective public health awareness programs. Objective: The study's goal was to find out how much health professions' students at Kabul University of Medical Sciences knew about oral health, as well as their attitudes and behaviors toward dental health and oral hygiene routines. Materials and Methods: From September 2022 to December 2022, cross-sectional research was conducted at Kabul University of Medical Sciences. A total of 496 health professions' students (312 females and 184 males) aged 18-25 years old from 5 colleges of health and medical-related disciplines were addressed. All participants were given a thorough questionnaire with 30 amended items modified from Peterson et al and Stenberg et al. Results: 44.5% (n=220) of the participants brushed their teeth twice per day, 41.3% (n=204) once per day, and 9.31% (n=46) more than twice per day, while just 4.7% (n=23) cleaned their teeth less than once per day. Surprisingly, the majority of participants (91% or n=451) were aware of the significance of routine dental visits, and 51.3% (n=252) of participants reported visiting the dentist while they experienced pain. 94% of students were of the opinion that brushing their teeth prevents dental decay. 93% (n=461) of them agreed that using fluoride strengthens teeth, and 96% (n=476) said that sweets are bad for teeth. Conclusion: Oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours are related to an individual's level of education. Female and generally dental professions' participants, rather than other health professions participants, were more likely to be concerned about their oral health than male participants.

The Prevalence and Significance of Fissured Tongue in Kabul City Among Dental Patients.

Background: The tongue is known as the mirror of oral and general health. Some diseases may show signs in the tongue. Fissured is approximately an asymptomatic condition characterized by grooves and fissures of varying depth on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Epidemiologically, its prevalence is varied based on different factors, but most of them report 10-20%. Methods: In the department of oral medicine at Ali-Abad University Hospital of Kabul University of Medical Sciences, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 patients. This fissured tongue is first diagnosed based on clinical appearance (fissures) on each side of tongue. Meanwhile, the whole medical and dental histories were taken for the rest of the leading factors. Results: Out of 400 patients (124 males and 276 females) seen and checked, which 142 cases were fissured tongue [45 (31.7%) males and 97 (68.3%) females]. The fissures were found to be least in the >10 - 19-year age group, 23 (16.3%) and it was most prevalent in the 20 -39 age group, 73 (51.8%), followed by 40 -59, 35 (24.8%) and 60< age group, 10 (7.1%). The most prevalent type of pattern of fissures was found to be superficial, multiple and not connected fissures, 46.32% (33.3% males, 32.3% females), followed by superficial, multiple and connected fissures, 25.5% (26.7% males, 25% females), and whereas 6.4% of patients with (single and deep type of fissure) was the lowest prevalent type of fissured tongue. In our study, more than half of patients asymptomatic (51.6% females and 71.1% males), 17.9% complained from tongue dryness, 14.3% soreness, 6.4% halitosis, 1.4% tongue swelling and 2.1% had all the signs. Conclusion: The prevalence of fissured tongue was 35.5%. A significant difference between genders was reported with female predominance in all cases observed. The most prevalent age groups were 20-29 and 30-39 in both gender groups. Superficial, multiple, and not connected fissures 46.32% were the most common type of fissure.

A Systematic Review on Pulmonary TB Burden and Associated Factors Among Immigrants in the UK.

Background: The rapid growth of international human migration has positioned the UK in the top five countries in the world with 9.4 million immigrants in 2022. These immigrants originate from low- and middle-income countries and remain particularly at risk of developing TB. In the UK, the number of TB cases has been increasing, and the influx of immigrants could be a contributing factor. Objective: This review aims to map the burden of pulmonary TB among immigrants in the UK and investigate associated factors. It also reviews the TB management approaches among immigrants in the UK. Design: The study utilized PRISMA guidelines to search electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) for articles published from 2000 to 2022 on TB prevalence and factors in immigrants and explored government websites for TB management strategies. Results: Nineteen out of 530 initially identified articles were included. The included studies reported a prevalence rate of TB among immigrants ranging from 0.04 to 52.1%, showing a decrease in the burden over time. Additionally, a higher number of TB cases were observed among immigrants from the Asian region, particularly immigrants from South Asia, followed by those from sub-Saharan Africa. Stigma, misconception about the disease, language barrier, lack of confidentiality, and unfriendly healthcare system for immigrants were the main drivers of the TB burden among immigrants. The TB management approaches in the UK include pre-entry screening for active TB, LTBI testing for a specific population group, and antibacterial therapy for 3-6 months for TB patients. Conclusion: The UK's control and prevention efforts in reducing tuberculosis prevalence among immigrants show optimism, but challenges persist. Key improvements include healthcare delivery, TB improvement programs, and policies addressing stigma and patient confidentiality.