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1.
Innovation ; : 53-2018.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-686933

RESUMO

@#Myostatin, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle cell growth and differentiation, and binds with high affinity to the activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB). The soluble ligand-binding domain of ActRIIB fused to the Fc domain of IgG (ActRIIB-Fc) potently binds and inhibits TGF-beta family members in muscle, leading to rapid and marked muscle growth. The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of the co-delivery of myostatin-targeting siRNA (Mstn-siRNA) and ActRIIB-Fc into skeletal muscle as a potential treatment of atrophic myopathies. Eleven-week-old, male C57BL/6 mice were injected with atelocollagen (ATCOL)-mediated Mstn-siRNA with/ without ActRIIB-Fc locally into the masseter muscle twice a week. Inhibition of myostatin function by the combination of Mstn-siRNA and ActRIIB-Fc increased muscle weight and myofibril size in murine masseter muscle. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed significant downregulation of myostatin mRNA expression in both the Mstn-siRNA-treated and the combination treatment group. Furthermore, myogenin mRNA expression was upregulated in the combination treatment group, while MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 mRNA expression was downregulated compared to administration of each compound alone. These findings suggest that double inhibition of myostatin is a potentially useful treatment strategy to increase muscle mass and fiber size and could be a useful treatment of patients with various muscle atrophies, including muscular dystrophy.

2.
Innovation ; : 52-2018.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-686932

RESUMO

@#Myostatin (Mstn) is a secreted TGF- β family member that controls skeletal muscle growth, and binds with high affinity to the activin type IIB receptor (ActRIIB). The soluble ligand-binding domain of ActRIIB fused to the Fc domain of IgG (ActRIIB-Fc) potently binds and inhibits TGF-β family members in muscle, leading to rapid and marked muscle growth. The present study was designed to assess the combinative effects of myostatin-targeting siRNA (Mstn-siRNA) and ActRIIB-Fc on murine myoblast in vitro and in vivo. C2C12 cells were treated by Mstn-siRNA with or without ActRIIB-Fc at 0 and 48 h after differentiation. Myotube size was measured, and gene expression of Mstn, MuRF-1, MyoD and myogenin were analyzed. Furthermore, 11-week-old, male C57BL/6 mice were injected with atelocollagen (ATCOL)-mediated Mstn-siRNA and Mstn-siRNA/ActRIIB-Fc locally into the masseter muscle twice a week. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed using the dissected muscles. Transfection of Mstn-siRNA and Mstn-siRNA/ActRIIB-Fc resulted in significant increases in the myotube diameter of the C2C12 cells compared with untreated control. Also, treatment with Mstn-siRNA and Mstn-siRNA/ActRIIB-Fc could lead to an upregulation of MyoD and myogenin gene expression and downregulation of Mstn and MuRF-1. In vivo, muscle fibril hypertrophy was observed in both Mstn-siRNA and Mstn-siRNA/ActRIIB-Fc treated groups. Moreover, western blotting analysis showed that the p-Smad2/3 expression level was decreased by treatment of Mstn-siRNA/ActRIIB-Fc. In contrast, MyoD and myogenin protein levels were increased by combined treatment, compared with the other groups. These suggest that double inhibition of myostain is potentially useful for myogenesis and muscle growth promotion. This may be a good as new treatment remedy for patients with various muscle atrophies, including muscular dystrophy.

3.
Clinical Endoscopy ; : 362-367, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-715789

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study examined the accuracy of endoscopic evaluation for determining the Helicobacter pylori infection status in patients with mild atrophy who might not exhibit characteristic endoscopic findings. METHODS: Forty endoscopists determined the H. pylori infection status of 50 randomly presented H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative cases on the basis of a list of established findings. RESULTS: The median clinical endoscopy experience was 7 years (range, 1–35 years), including 22 board-certified endoscopists (55%) of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. The mean accuracy rate of endoscopic diagnosis was 67% and was unrelated to experience status (experienced vs. trainee: 69% vs. 65%, p=0.089) and total years of experience (R 2 =0.022). The most frequently selected endoscopic findings were regular arrangement of collecting venules (59%), atrophy (45%), and red streak (22%), which had fair accuracy rates of 67%, 65%, and 73%, respectively. By contrast, the accuracy rates of nodularity (89%) and mucosal swelling (77%) were highest. The 20 endoscopists who more frequently identified these findings diagnosed H. pylori infection significantly more accurately than did the other endoscopists (71% vs. 64%, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Careful attention to nodularity and mucosal swelling in patients with mild atrophy may enhance diagnosis, enable prompt treatment, and avoid possible long-term carcinogenesis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Atrofia , Carcinogênese , Diagnóstico , Endoscopia , Gastrite Atrófica , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Japão , Vênulas
4.
J Surg Oncol ; 110(2): 129-35, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24737677

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The relationship between survival in gastric cancer patients and the status of microsatellite instability (MSI) has not yet been established. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to obtain integrated and more precise data for the value of MSI as a prognostic marker in gastric cancer. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using major electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central) with keywords related to "microsatellite instability," "gastric cancer," and "prognosis." RESULTS: Twenty-four studies with 5,438 participants (712 cases were MSI gastric cancer) were included for pooling risk estimates of MSI in gastric cancer. Seventeen studies reported overall survival. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival of MSI vs. non-MSI was 0.72 (95%CI: 0.59-0.88, P = .001) in a random-effects model. In the sensitivity analysis, the result from the most recent study showed the most heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: MSI gastric cancer was associated with good prognosis but there was heterogeneity in the recent studies. Changed epidemiology and effects of chemotherapy are potential causes of heterogeneity. Establishing a consensus for defining MSI in gastric cancer should be preferred for future studies.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Modelos Estatísticos , Prognóstico , Análise de Sobrevida
5.
Mycobiology ; : 93-99, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-730014

RESUMO

The earliest pre-Linnaean fungal genera are briefly discussed here with special emphasis on the nomenclatural connection with the genus Cordyceps Fr. Since its valid publication under the basidiomycetous genus Clavaria Vaill. ex L. (Clavaria militaris L. Sp. Pl. 2:1182, 1753), the genus Cordyceps has undergone nomenclatural changes in the post-Linnaean era, but has stood firmly for approximately 200 years. Synonyms of Cordyceps were collected from different literature sources and analyzed based on the species they represent. True synonyms of Cordyceps Fr. were defined as genera that represented species of Cordyceps Fr. emend. G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora. The most common synonyms of Cordyceps observed were Clavaria and Sphaeria Hall, reported in the 18th and in the first half of the 19th century, respectively. Cordyceps, the oldest genus in the Cordyceps s. s. clade of Cordycipitaceae, is the most preferred name under the "One Fungus = One Name" principle on priority bases.


Assuntos
Cordyceps , Fungos , Publicações
6.
PLoS One ; 8(7): e67808, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23844098

RESUMO

Botryosphaeria dothidea is a widespread and economically important pathogen on various fruit trees, and it often causes die-back and canker on limbs and fruit rot. In characterizing intraspecies genetic variation within this fungus, group I introns, rich in rDNA of fungi, may provide a productive region for exploration. In this research, we analysed complete small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences of 37 B. dothidea strains, and found four insertions, designated Bdo.S943, Bdo.S1199-A, Bdo.S1199-B and Bdo.S1506, at three positions. Sequence analysis and structure prediction revealed that both Bdo.S943 and Bdo.S1506 belonged to subgroup IC1 of group I introns, whereas Bdo.S1199-A and Bdo.S1199-B corresponded to group IE introns. Moreover, Bdo.S1199-A was found to host an open reading frame (ORF) for encoding the homing endonuclease (HE), whereas Bdo.S1199-B, an evolutionary descendant of Bdo.S1199-A, included a degenerate HE. The above four introns were novel, and were the first group I introns observed and characterized in this species. Differential distribution of these introns revealed that all strains could be separated into four genotypes. Genotype III (no intron) and genotype IV (Bdo.S1199-B) were each found in only one strain, whereas genotype I (Bdo.S1199-A) and genotype II (Bdo.S943 and Bdo.S1506) occurred in 95% of the strains. There is a correlation between B. dothidea genotypes and hosts or geographic locations. Thus, these newly discovered group I introns can help to advance understanding of genetic differentiation within B. dothidea.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos/genética , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Íntrons/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Ascomicetos/classificação , Sequência de Bases , DNA Fúngico/química , DNA Ribossômico/química , Endonucleases/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Variação Genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Especificidade da Espécie
7.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-77876

RESUMO

This article reports the orthodontic treatment of a patient with skeletal mandibular retrusion and an anterior open bite due to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) using miniscrew anchorage. A 46-year-old woman had a Class II malocclusion with a retropositioned mandible. Her overjet and overbite were 7.0 mm and -1.6 mm, respectively. She had limited mouth opening, TMJ sounds, and pain. Condylar resorption was observed in both TMJs. Her TMJ pain was reduced by splint therapy, and then orthodontic treatment was initiated. Titanium miniscrews were placed at the posterior maxilla to intrude the molars. After 2 years and 7 months of orthodontic treatment, an acceptable occlusion was achieved without any recurrence of TMJ symptoms. The retropositioned mandible was considerably improved, and the lips showed less tension upon lip closure. The maxillary molars were intruded by 1.5 mm, and the mandible was subsequently rotated counterclockwise. Magnetic resonance imaging of both condyles after treatment showed avascular necrosis-like structures. During a 2-year retention period, an acceptable occlusion was maintained without recurrence of the open bite. In conclusion, correction of open bite and clockwise-rotated mandible through molar intrusion using titanium miniscrews is effective for the management of TMJ-OA with jaw deformity.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anormalidades Congênitas , Arcada Osseodentária , Lábio , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Má Oclusão , Mandíbula , Maxila , Dente Molar , Boca , Mordida Aberta , Osteoartrite , Sobremordida , Recidiva , Retenção Psicológica , Retrognatismo , Contenções , Articulação Temporomandibular , Titânio
8.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM (Pacífico Ocidental) | ID: wpr-199408

RESUMO

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a naturally occurring glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation and maturation of precursor cells in the bone marrow into fully differentiated neutrophils. Several reports of G-CSF-producing malignant tumors have been published, but scarcely any in the hepatobiliary system, such as in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we encountered a 69-yr-old man with a hepatic tumor who had received right hepatic resection. He showed leukocytosis of 25,450/microL along with elevated serum G-CSF. Histological examination of surgical samples demonstrated immunohistochemical staining for G-CSF, but not for G-CSF receptor. The patient survived without recurrence for four years, but ultimately passed away with multiple bone metastases. In light of the above, clinicians may consider G-CSF-producing HCC when encountering patients with leukocytosis and a hepatic tumor. More cases are needed to clarify the clinical picture of G-CSF-producing HCC.


Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Evolução Fatal , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Receptores de Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos/metabolismo
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