Three techniques for guidewire-assisted sulcus glaucoma tube shunt placement.

Purpose: Tube shunts can be inserted into the anterior chamber, ciliary sulcus, or pars plana. Sulcus tube placement can be challenging. This report demonstrates three techniques for guidewire-assisted sulcus tube insertion. Observations: The first technique uses a needle inserted through a paracentesis 180-degrees across from the tube entry site and creates an ab-interno sclerotomy through which the guidewire is inserted by docking it into the needle bevel. The second technique involves inserting the guidewire into the eye via a paracentesis and using microforceps to retrieve it through a sclerotomy. The third technique uses forceps to insert the guidewire into a paracentesis 180° across from the planned tube entry site and dock it into a needle bevel that has been inserted into the sulcus. Each of these techniques provides a reliable and reproducible way to insert a tube into the sulcus. Conclusions and importance: Guidewire-assisted tube entry offers a promising solution in cases of difficult sulcus tube placement without substantial additional cost.

Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy and Goniotomy, With or Without Concomitant Cataract Extraction, in Steroid-Induced and Uveitic Glaucoma: 24-Month Outcomes.

PRCIS: Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) and goniotomy with Kahook Dual Blade both achieved sustained reductions in intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication burden in eyes with steroid-induced or uveitic glaucoma at 24 months. Both procedures had favorable safety profiles. PURPOSE: To characterize the 24-month surgical outcomes of GATT and excisional goniotomy in eyes with steroid-induced or uveitic glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of eyes with steroid-induced or uveitic glaucoma that underwent GATT or excisional goniotomy, either standalone or combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery, by a single surgeon at the Cole Eye Institute. IOP, number of glaucoma medications, and steroid exposure were recorded preoperatively and at multiple postoperative timepoints up to 24 months. Surgical success was defined as at least 20% IOP reduction or IOP <12, 15, or 18 mm Hg (Criterion A, B, or C). Surgical failure was defined as need for additional glaucoma surgery or loss of light perception vision. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were reported. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 33 patients underwent GATT, and 24 eyes of 22 patients underwent goniotomy, of which 88% and 75%, respectively, had 24-months' follow-up. Concomitant phacoemulsification cataract surgery was performed in 38% (15/40) GATT eyes and 17% (4/24) goniotomy eyes. IOP and number of glaucoma medications were reduced at all postoperative timepoints in both groups. At 24 months, GATT eyes had mean IOP 12.9±3.5 mm Hg on 0.9±1.2 medications, and goniotomy eyes had mean IOP 14.3±4.1 mm Hg on 1.8±1.3 medications. Surgical failure was 8% for GATT and 14% for goniotomy at 24 months. Transient hyphema and transient IOP elevation were the most common complications, and 10% GATT eyes required surgical evacuation of hyphema. CONCLUSIONS: Both GATT and goniotomy demonstrate favorable efficacy and safety in steroid-induced and uveitic glaucoma eyes. Both procedures achieved sustained reductions in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at 24 months.

Long-term Outcomes of Glaucoma Drainage Implants in Uveitic Eyes With Fluocinolone Acetonide Implants.

PRECIS: In eyes with uveitis and a history of fluocinolone acetonide (FA) implantation, glaucoma drainage implants (GDIs) provides excellent long-term control of intraocular pressure (IOP). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term control of IOP achieved by GDIs in uveitic eyes with glaucoma and a FA implant. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective case series of 56 eyes from 37 patients with a history of noninfectious posterior uveitis who underwent both FA implantation and GDI surgery at the Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute between April 2001 and April 2017. Patients were excluded if they did not undergo FA implantation before, or concurrently with, a GDI. Data was collected up to 10 years after GDI surgery. Outcome measures included IOP, number of IOP-lowering medications, and surgical success rate at each timepoint. Success was defined as IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg at the most recent follow-up visit, without need for GDI removal or additional IOP-lowering surgeries, or loss of light perception. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 71.0 months (median 72.0 mo). IOP was reduced by a mean of 52.9% (range: 43.1% to 62.3%) and the number of IOP-lowering medications decreased by a mean of 69.0% (range: 56.3% to 93.8%) between 1 and 10 years postoperatively. The percentage of eyes with IOP <21 mm Hg was 32.1% at baseline and ranged between 76.8% and 100% at follow-up. The percentage of eyes with IOP <18 mm Hg was 21.4% at baseline and ranged between 67.9% and 100% at follow-up. The surgical success rate was 71.4% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes with uveitis that undergo FA implantation, concurrent or subsequent GDI surgery offers excellent long-term control of IOP. Postoperative IOP and number of IOP-lowering medications dropped considerably and remained stable.

Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Pars Plana Versus Anterior Chamber Placement of Glaucoma Implant Tubes.

PURPOSE: To compare long-term surgical outcomes and complications of pars plana (PP) tube implantation with conventional anterior chamber (AC) tube implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of patients undergoing glaucoma tube implant surgery at a single institution between 2007 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Eyes were matched for glaucoma diagnosis and patient age. Demographics, baseline characteristics, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mm Hg, no subsequent glaucoma surgeries performed, and at least light perception vision. RESULTS: Fifty-seven eyes that underwent Ahmed or Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device surgery with PP tube placement were compared with 57 eyes with AC tube placement. Mean follow-up was 43.5 months in the PP group and 35.3 months in the AC group (P=0.02). Forty-nine (86.0%) PP eyes and 46 (80.7%) AC eyes achieved surgical success (P=0.45). At last follow-up, mean IOP decreased from 29.0 to 15.1 mm Hg in the PP group (P<0.01) and from 32.7 to 15.6 mm Hg in the AC group (P<0.01). Mean number of medications decreased from 2.9 to 1.1 in the PP group (P<0.01) and from 2.8 to 1.3 in the AC group (P<0.01). Mean IOP and number of medications were similar between PP and AC groups at baseline, last follow-up, and all interim time points (P>0.05 for all). There were 16 complications in the PP group and 14 in the AC group (P=0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term results of glaucoma tube implant surgery with PP versus AC implantation shows effective IOP control with similar rates of surgical success.

Determination of feasibility and utility of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography during ophthalmic surgery: the DISCOVER Study RESCAN Results.

IMPORTANCE: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has transformed the clinical management of a myriad of ophthalmic conditions. Applying OCT to ophthalmic surgery may have implications for surgical decision making and patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and effect on surgical decision making of a microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT (iOCT) system. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Report highlighting the 1-year results (March 2014-February 2015) of the RESCAN 700 portion of the DISCOVER (Determination of Feasibility of Intraoperative Spectral Domain Microscope Combined/Integrated OCT Visualization During En Face Retinal and Ophthalmic Surgery) study, a single-site, multisurgeon, prospective consecutive case series regarding this investigational device. Participants included patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Data on clinical characteristics were collected, and iOCT was performed during surgical milestones, as directed by the operating surgeon. A surgeon questionnaire was issued to each surgeon and was completed after each case to evaluate the role of iOCT during surgery and its particular role in select surgical procedures. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Percentage of cases with successful acquisition of iOCT (ie, feasibility). Percentage of cases in which iOCT altered surgical decision making (ie, utility). RESULTS: During year 1 of the DISCOVER study, a total of 227 eyes (91 anterior segment cases and 136 posterior segment cases) underwent imaging with the RESCAN 700 system. Successful imaging (eg, the ability to acquire an OCT image of the tissue of interest) was obtained for 224 of 227 eyes (99% [95% CI, 98%-100%]). During lamellar keratoplasty, the iOCT data provided information that altered the surgeon's decision making in 38% of the cases (eg, complete graft apposition when the surgeon believed there was interface fluid). In membrane peeling procedures, iOCT information was discordant with the surgeon's impression of membrane peel completeness in 19% of cases (eg, lack of residual membrane or presence of occult membrane), thus affecting additional surgical maneuvers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The DISCOVER study demonstrates the feasibility of real-time iOCT with a microscope-integrated iOCT system for ophthalmic surgery. The information gained from iOCT appears to allow surgeons to assess subtle details in a unique perspective from standard en face visualization, which can affect surgical decision making some of the time, although the effect of these changes in decision making on outcomes remains unknown. A prospective randomized masked trial is needed to confirm these results.

Subconjunctival placement of human amniotic membrane during high risk glaucoma filtration surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine whether subconjunctival placement of amniotic membrane improves filtration results in patients with glaucoma at high risk for surgical failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 17 eyes of 15 patients who had amniotic membrane applied during glaucoma surgery with or without mitomycin C or 5-fluorouracil. RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure decreased from 27.0 +/- 9.1 mm Hg preoperatively to 18.1 +/- 11.0 mm Hg postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 179 days. Complications included self-limited conjunctival wound dehiscence (n = 5), uveitis recurrence (n = 2), and cataract progression (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that subconjunctival placement of amniotic membrane may improve filtration outcome in high risk eyes. It will be of interest to determine whether the anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antifibrotic properties of amniotic membrane placed subconjunctivally and under the scleral flap will improve filtration surgery outcome by a prospective, randomized study.