Resistencia a penicilina G y oxacilina, de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas de mastitis bovina subclínica / Penicillin G and oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis

Sixty-eigth out of 530 different S. aureus field strains isolated from subclinical cases of bovine mastitis from Germany (n = 26), Indonesia (n = 16), Mexico (n = 16) and Brazil (n = 10), respectively, were selected to be studied in the present work. The strains were tested phenotypically as well as genotypically for the presence of penicillin G- and oxacillin-resistance. For the primary phenotypical species identification of the 530 S. aureus strains, plasmacoagulase-test and Api 32 Staph system was applied. This was confirmed by molecular detection of the S. aureus specific genes encoding 23 S rRNA, thermostable nuclease (nuc), clumping factor (clfA), coagulase (coa) and protein A region Xr (spa). The selection of the 68 strains was carried out by the random selection of one strain per herd; additionally, only strains with different macrorestriction profiles were included here. Genotypic resistance to semisynthetic penicillins (methicillin/oxacillin) and penicillin G was studied through the identification of mecA- and blaZ-genes, respectively. The mecA gene was detected in only one S. aureus isolate from Brazil, which was not phenotypically resistant against methcillin, as shown by the use of standard disc diffusion method, BBL-Chromoagar and MIC-determination by Vitek II. In contrast penicillin-resistance of strains based on the presence of the blaZ-gene could be observed in 50 (73.5%) of the investigated strains. However, only 40 (58.8%) of these 50 blaZ-positive strains were phenotypically penicillin-resistant. According to the presented data, resistance to semisynthetic penicillins in S. aureus field strains seems to be not a major problem in dairy herds of the investigated countries despite the long-term use of these antibiotics in the field.

De 530 diferentes cepas de S. aureus aisladas de casos de mastitis subclínica bovina, se seleccionaron 68 cepas de S. aureus procedentes de Alemania (n = 26), Indonesia (n = 16), México (n = 16) y Brasil (n = 10), para estudiarlas en la presente investigación. Las cepas fueron analizadas fenotípica y genotípicamente para observar su resistencia a penicilina G y oxacilina. Para una identificación inicial se utilizó el sistema Api 32 Staph y la prueba de coagulasa. El resultado se confirmó por la detección molecular de los genes específicos de S. aureus 23S rRNA, nucleasa termoestable (nuc), factor aglutinante (clfA), coagulasa (coa) y la proteína A (spa) región Xr. La selección primaria de las cepas sospechosas se hizo al azar, seleccionando una cepa por hato; además sólo se incluyeron en el estudio cepas con diferentes perfiles de macrorrestricción. La resistencia genotípica a meticilina y penicilina se estudió mediante la identificación de los genes mecA y blaZ, respectivamente. El gen mecA fue detectado sólo en un aislamiento de S. aureus de Brasil y no fue resistente fenotípicamente a la meticilina, lo cual se demostró mediante los métodos de difusión estándar en discos, el uso del Chromoagar-BBL y la determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC, por sus siglas en inglés) por Vitek II. La detección genotípica de la resistencia de las cepas a la penicilina se basó en la detección del gen blaZ; y se observó en 50 cepas investigadas (73.5%). Sin embargo, sólo 40 cepas (58.8%) fueron fenotípicamente resistentes a la penicilina. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la resistencia de las cepas aisladas de campo S. aureus a las penicilinas semisintéticas, actualmente no es un problema importante en las vacas lecheras, a pesar del uso extensivo de esas sustancias antibióticas en el campo en los países investigados.

Phenotypic and genotypic properties of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius isolated from lymph node abscesses of goats.

In the present study 20 staphylococci isolated from lymph node abscesses of 19 goats of two herds in Western Poland could be identified as Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius. All 20 strains grew under microaerobic conditions, were negative in the catalase test, showed the typical phenotypic properties of 5. aureus and could genotypically be identified by a positive sa442, 235 rDNA, nuc, coa and spa PCR reaction. The variable regions of the coa and spa gene of the 20 strains appeared with uniform amplicon sizes, respectively. All 20 strains were negative for 12 additionally investigated enterotoxin encoding genes, tst and ssl7 and positive for the gene cap8. Identical properties could be observed for S. aureus subsp. anaerobius DSM 20714. Amplification and sequencing of kat gene of a single Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius strain of the present study and S. aureus subsp. anaerobius DSM 20714 revealed a complete identity of the kat sequences of both strains and a katB sequence obtained from GenBank (AJ000471). The bacteria were additionally investigated for relatedness by macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA with subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), yielding, corresponding to the above mentioned PCR results, identical PFGE patterns for all 20 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius strains isolated in Western Poland and the S. aureus subsp. anaerobius reference strain DSM 20714.This indicates the clonal identity of the strains isolated in Western Poland and the S. aureus subsp. anaerobius reference strain. The route of infection of the two herds in Western Poland with a bacterial clone originally isolated in Spain remains unclear.