[Survival of stomach cancer patients (based on data from the All-Union Center for the Study of Treatment Effectiveness in Patients with Malignant Tumors)]. / Vyzhivaemost' bol'nykh rakom zheludka (po materialam Vsesoiuznogo tsentra po izucheniiu éffektivnosti lecheniia bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi opukholiami).

The dynamics of survival in gastric cancer patients treated at Soviet hospitals within 1974-1980 is discussed. Total five-year survival in those admitted to hospitals was 11% and relative one--13%; with regards to those discharged from hospitals, these indexes were 12 and 14%, respectively. Radical surgery alone (stages I-II) and in combination with radiotherapy (stage III) proved the most effective. Longer survival was registered in those patients with stage IV tumors who had undergone surgery followed by chemotherapy. On the whole, the effectiveness of treatment of gastric cancer patients admitted to Soviet hospitals was shown to be identical or even higher than in developed European countries and USA.

[The initial forms of rectal cancer]. / Nachal'nye formy raka priamoi kishki.

The paper discusses the tumor characteristics and long-term results of treatment of 6875 cases of rectal cancer admitted to oncological institutions of the USSR within 1968-1980. Stage I-IIa ("minimal") tumors were detected in 9.4% of patients. Organ-saving procedures (local excision included) were performed in 57%. Five-year actuarial survival following surgery was 63% according to the All-Union Center for Research on Effectiveness of Cancer Treatment and 74%--according to the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology data.

[The characteristics of the therapeutic measures in stomach cancer (based on data from the All-Union Center for the Study of Treatment Effectiveness in Patients with Malignant Tumors)]. / Kharakteristika lechebnykh meropriiatii pri rake zheludka (po materialam Vsesouiznogo tsentra po izucheniiu éffektivnosti lecheniia bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi opukholiami).

The paper deals with the analysis of methods used in oncological establishments of the USSR in 1968-1972 and 1974-1980 to treat 19,864 patients with gastric cancer. Stage I or II tumors were identified in 10%, stage III-38 and IV-in 52% of cases. Radical treatment was performed in 34% of hospitalized patients. Surgery remains the most frequent procedure to be used for the treatment of stomach cancer including stage IV. Higher rate of radical treatment can be assured if, on the one hand, fewer patients refuse from operation and, on the other, fewer refusals are justified by concomitant pathology and old age.

[Survival of patients with lung cancer (based on data of the All-Union Center for Cancer Therapy Research)]. / Vyzhivaemost' bol'nykh rakom legkogo (po materialam VTsIEL).

The report discusses the results of a sampling survey conducted by the All-Union Center for Research in Efficacy of Neoplasm Treatment. The study was based on the data on 7173 inpatients with lung cancer treated at 38 oncological establishments in the USSR in 1974-1980. Survival was evaluated versus sex, age, stage and treatment modality. Average 5-year survival was 9%, relative survival rate--10%. The scope of therapeutic effort needed to assure maximum survival for each stage was established. The available resources for stepping up the effectiveness of medical help were identified on the basis of relative survival levels.

[Characteristics of the therapeutic measures in lung cancer]. / Kharakteristika lechebnykh meropriiatii pri rake legkogo.

The paper discusses procedures used at Soviet oncological establishment for the treatment of 11,089 cases of lung cancer within 1968-1972 and 1974-1980. Stage I-II cancer was diagnosed in 24%, while stage III--in 41 and stage IV--in 35%. Radical treatment was carried out in 20%. Radiation, chemotherapy and chemoradiation treatment were most frequently used in 1974-1980 (18, 20 and 10% of patients, respectively).

[Methods of evaluating work capacity rehabilitation of cancer patients]. / Metodika otsenki vosstanovleniia trudosposobnosti onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

A program for evaluating measures taken for rehabilitation of radically-treated patients with tumors of the lung, breast, ovary and endometrium is discussed. The study included patients on the cancer register for at least 6-60 months. It was based on the data on type of tumor process, treatment modality and characteristics of health status and working ability before and after therapy. The study used forms for computer evaluation of rehabilitation efficacy and encoder-type instructions for filling them.

[Medical care for patients with cancer of the upper thoracic segment of the esophagus]. / Lechebnaia pomoshch' bol'nym rakom verkhnegrudnogo otdela pishchevoda.

Out of 350 hospitalized cases of esophageal carcinoma in the upper thoracic segment, stage III-IV tumors were identified in 82.8%. A retarded seeking of medical advice was chiefly responsible for the advancement of tumors. Radical surgery was performed in 32 (9.1%) patients only. The percentage of radically-treated cases could have been greater, if there had been fewer refusals to operate and to be operated on both on the part of patients and doctors who would object to surgery on the grounds of concomitant pathology or the patient's age. Radiotherapy, used in 197 (72.7%) patients as a sole method of treatment, was followed by remission in 68%.

[Survival of breast cancer patients (from the data of the All-Union Center for the Study of the Effectiveness of Cancer Treatment)]. / Vyzhivaemost' bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy (po materialam VTsIEL)

The paper discusses the results of an evaluation of therapeutic modalities and survival of 9,199 breast cancer patients treated at Soviet oncological establishments in 1974-1980. The case distribution was as follows: stage I-II--51, III--38 and IV--10%. Relative five-year survival rate averaged 55% for all the patients under study (stage I--86, II--68, III--39 and IV--12%). The highest 5-year survival rate was registered in cases of combined treatment (surgery + irradiation and/or chemohormonotherapy).

[Treatment of patients with soft tissue neoplasms]. / Lechebnaia pomoshch' bol'nym zlokachestvennymi opukholiami miagkikh tkanei.

The methods of treatment of 1,410 cases of soft tissue sarcoma were compared. Tumor was less than 5 cm only in 19.4% of patients admitted to the hospital by the beginning of treatment. Radical surgery was performed in 65.3% of cases, it still remaining the major procedure of treatment. Application of combined (surgery + radiation) treatment is increasingly used, every fourth patient (25.1%) being given this therapy. The percentage of radically-treated cases of soft tissue sarcoma may be raised by 15% unless patients refuse to be operated on.

[Characteristics of the therapeutic measures in breast cancer (based on data of the All-Union Center for the Study of the Effectiveness of Treatment of Cancer Patients)]. / Kharakteristika lechebnykh meropriiatii pri rake molochnoi zhelezy (po materialam Vsesoiuznogo tsentra po izucheniiu éffektivnosti lecheniia onkologicheskikh bol'nykh).

The paper deals with the evaluation of methods of treatment of 13,170 breast cancer patients. Stage I-II tumors were detected in 53.0% of cases. Surgery which still remains to be the basic method of treatment for breast cancer was used alone or in combination with radiation, chemo- and hormonotherapy in 77.6%. Radical treatment was given to 80.0% of patients under 55 years and 44.0% aged 75 and more. The number of cases who received symptomatic therapy decreased from 4.9 to 3.5%, while the percentage of combined (radiosurgical) treatment increased from 21.1 in 1968-1972 to 30.9% in 1974-1978.