RESUMO
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been a source of increasing concern to the government of nations as well as their citizens despite measures taken to reduce it. This is supported by recent data published by the World Health Organization and other development partners. In health care facilities, intimate partner violence in pregnancy has not been screened routinely. Community-based findings have been the source of most data informing policies for decisions. Objectives: These were to determine the prevalence and patterns of IPV among antenatal clinic attendees at the Federal Medical Center (FMC), Abuja. Materials and Methods: Following ethical clearance, a health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the FMC, Abuja to determine the prevalence and correlates of IPV during pregnancy among attendees of antenatal clinics. It was conducted between 26th June and 17th September 2021. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered among consecutive consenting clients and 407 were returned filled giving a non-response rate of 9.6%. The questionnaire collected data on respondents' sociodemographics; experience of and types of IPV; and health problems arising from IPV. Results were presented in tables and charts and analysis was done using IBM SPSS (International Business Machines' Statistical product and service solutions) version 25 software. Results: The mean age was 29.37 ± standard deviation 4.43 years and the predominant ethnic group was Igbo (46.5%); 96.56% were married; 68.06% had tertiary education and 49.14% were in their third trimesters. The combined incidence of intimate partner violence among the participants was 17.69% with physical violence contributing 3.19%; the head region (40%) being the most affected body part. While 34% experienced intrauterine foetal death in the past following IPV. In Miller's landmark study, 27 of 1300 sexually active young women, one in five reported partner pregnancy non promoting behaviors, such as intimidation, threats to leave the relationship if the woman did not become pregnant or actual violence. The two most significant factors for IPV were age and marital status both at P values of P = 0.0001. Conclusion: Medical doctors should feel more open discussing issues around IPV with their clients during antenatal visits.
Assuntos
Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , HospitaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intramuscular pentazocine is a common labour analgesic in Zaria, Nigeria due to its low cost and availability. Though also cheap and readily available the use of intramuscular acetaminophen is not popular and hence the need for a comparative study. AIM & OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of intramuscular acetaminophen versus intramuscular pentazocine on women in labour as well as the effects of both drugs on APGAR scores of their newborn. METHODOLOGY: A randomized, comparative study was conducted on 188 eligible, parturients from June to September, 2013. The subjects were selected during antenatal classes and early active labour, counseled, taught about the pain scoring systems after obtaining written consent from them. Randomization was done using the WINPEPI software by Abrahamson in order for each woman in labour to receive either intramuscular acetaminophen 15mg/kg stat or pentazocine 1mg/kg at cervical dilatation of 4-6cm. The data obtained included the patients demographics, hourly pain scores, APGAR scores, patients' satisfaction and side effects. RESULTS: The mean age was 28.1years ± SD 5.2years. The majority of the subjects (53.5%) were Hausa-Fulani and 70.1% were muslims; 64% were booked for antenatal care while 58.5% had received secondary school education. The average duration of labour was 5.4hours. Acetaminophen was administered to 91(48%) subjects while pentazocine was administered to 97(52%). Sixty-nine percent and 80% experienced adequate pain relief in the acetaminophen and pentazocine groups respectively at one hour. The pain scores was statistically significant at one hour but comparable in both groups afterwards: p=0.01, 0.52, 0.338 and 0.389 at 1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) hours on the linear/visual analogue scale and comparable on the verbal rating scale. There was no difference in the 1(st) and 5(th) minute APGAR scores of the babies delivered (p=0.24 and 0.63 respectively). Patients' satisfaction was comparable but the pentazocine group experienced more side effects. CONCLUSION: Intramuscular acetaminophen gave comparable labour analgesia with fewer side effects when compared with pentazocine.
