[Spinal deformations as a cause for the clinical signs of spinal cord neoplasm]. / Deformatsiia pozvonochnika kak prichina klinicheskikh proiavlenii opukholi spinnogo mozga.

An attempt was made to explain the unusual clinical manifestations at the example of an observation of a spinal-marrow tumor, which had the neurological lesion symptoms only below the upper-thoracic level. Scoliosis with a minor spinal deformation at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra was a tumor symptom. It is suggested that the spinal scoliosis, having a mechanical impact on the spinal marrow and on its provision with blood in the minor-deformation location, was the reason of impaired sensitivity and movements, which is indicative of the spinal-marrow lesion not only in the mentioned locations but also in the total length of tumor localization. Since scoliosis can be, for some time, a single sign of the spinal-marrow lesion, the authors believe it advisable to make the magnetic-resonance therapy (MRT) in all patients with persistent scoliosis for the purpose of an early detection of a spinal-marrow neoplasm, thus, ensuring better treatment results.

[Impairment of visual pathway function in right hemisphere in patients with arteriovenous malformation of the parietooccipital area of left hemisphere]. / Fenomen narusheniia funktsii zritel'nykh putei pravogo polushariia golovnogo mozga v sluchae arteriovenoznoi mal'formatsii temenno-zatylochnoi oblasti levogo polushariia.

Marked arteriovenous malformation in the left parietooccipital area manifested only by symptoms of associative migraine involving changes of visual fields indicative of impaired functions of symmetrical compartments of the other brain hemisphere. Visual evoked potentials were changed in this patient because of dysfunction of both hemispheres and largely because of disorders in brain structures symmetrical to the site of arteriovenous malformation. This can be regarded as a manifestation of the so-called stealing phenomenon, when blood supply to one brain compartment is decreased because of excessive blood delivery to other regions of the brain. The results permit us to hypothesize regulation of blood supply to symmetrical compartments of brain hemispheres.

[Structural organization of medical information as illustrated by diagnosis in child neurology]. / Strukturnaia organizatsiia meditsinskoi informatsii na primere ustanovleniia diagnoza v detskoi nevrologii.

Structuration of medical information is performed on three levels: structuration of the specialist's knowledge with resultant singling out key questions--blocks required for diagnosis in the given field; structuration of signs within the space of the blocks; identification of diagnostic syndromes basing on their signs analysis adjusted to resolving diagnostic tasks. The results of the method application in neuropathology are outlined.

[Postural adjustments to voluntary movements. Electrical activity of muscles and biomechanics of the human body in an upright position]. / Poznye prisposobleniia k proizvol'nym dvizheniiam. Elektricheskaia aktivnost' myshts i biomekhanika tela cheloveka v vertikal'noi poze.

Involuntary movements of the pelvis and legs which accompany voluntary arm flexion and correct the orthograde posture start in most trials in normal subjects simultaneously with the voluntary arm movement or later was demonstrated. At the same time bursts of legs and trunk muscles activity anticipate the burst of m.deltoideus activity. In this situation the electromechanical delay (EMD) of m.deltoideus is significantly shorter (13-18 ms) than EMD of legs and trunk muscles (70-80 ms). Perhaps more long EMD of legs and trunk muscles in orthograde posture "impels" anticipation of its activity for economic control of the body position in initial period of a fast voluntary movement.

[Participation of the secondary motor area of the frontal lobe of the brain in organizing postural components of human voluntary movement]. / Uchastie vtorichnoi dvigatel'noi zony lobnoi doli mozga v organizatsii poznykh komponentov proizvol'nogo dvizheniia u cheloveka.

Synergies of the orthograde posture associated with voluntary movements (deep respiration or fast arm elevation) were studied in 225 patients with local verified brain lesions. Postural adjustments associated with deep respiratory movements were disturbed in patients with lesions of mainly posterior part of the inferior convolution of the frontal lobe. Postural adjustments associated with arm elevation were disturbed in patients with lesions of mainly the posterior part of the superior frontal convolution corresponding to the supplementary motor area. It is concluded that postural components of different voluntary movements requiring learning are controlled by different secondary motor areas.

[Participation of the brain stem in regulating postural synergy]. / Ob uchastii stvola golovnogo mozga v reguliatsii poznoi sinergii.

In 67 patients with local verified cerebral lesions, the activity of leg and trunk muscles was studied in involuntary movements of the arm in the usual vertical position. Forty-one of them showed some symptoms of primary or secondary dysfunctions of brain structures. On the basis of the present and previous studies, a conclusion was drawn that synergy associated with involuntary movements in the vertical position of man is impaired both in the local lesion of the additional motor portion and when damage to other portions of the frontal lobe is combined with an impairment of the brain stem. It is suggested that the trunk structures of the brain involved in the regulation of the posture synergy are located in pons varolii.

[Unusual tremor in a patient with a local lesion of the brain]. / Neobychnyi tremor u bol'nogo s lokal'nym porazheniem golovnogo mozga.

The authors describe tremor of the left limbs, that differs from the known types of tremor. The patient developed it concurrently with the symptoms of meningioma of the anterior part of the falciform process in the presence of residual phenomena after removal of the lateral ventricle tumor. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this unusual tremor generation are discussed.

[Localization of the cortical representation of control of postural synergy in the frontal lobe of the brain]. / O lokalizatsii krokovogo predstavitel'stva upravleniia poznoi sinergiei v lobnoi dole mozga.

Muscular activity of the legs and trunk was studied in 27 patients with verified tumours of the frontal lobes of the brain. It is shown that the abnormalities of the anticipated postural muscle activity are connected with the lesion of the median part of the premotor region. It is concluded that the supplementary motor area is concerned with the control of the postural synergy and involves the muscles of both sides of the body.

[Postural synergy disorders in local brain lesions]. / Narusheniia poznoi sinergii pri lokal'nykh porazheniiakh golovnogo mozga.

The electrical activity of the muscles of the legs and trunk was examined in 84 patients with verified (primarily neoplastic) affections of the brain. The patients were in the standing posture and were asked to make a voluntary movement (to raise an arm). The examinations showed that in patients with one hemisphere affected the posture synergy of the muscles was disturbed in both halves of the body. This was regarded as a consequence of a dysfunction in the so-called secondary, higher motor zones of the brain. The disturbances of the premovement activation of the muscles in both halves of the body were found to be significant only in cases of frontal lobe affections. This was confirmed by restoration of the posture synergy after successful ablation of the tumour.