Sero-epidemiological study of measles after 15 years of compulsory vaccination in Alexandria, Egypt

Cases of measles among 165 vaccinated and unvaccinated children were studied and the level of measles antibody in 230 previously vaccinated children was determined. Associations between demographic factors and immunological response to vaccination were also investigated. Approximately 80% of the children with measles had been vaccinated; their cases had significantly lower rates of complication. Rural areas accounted for significantly higher numbers of unvaccinated cases. Vaccination status did not correspond to place of exposure, duration of prodrome or accuracy of preliminary diagnosis. The seropositivity rate among vaccinated children was 86.1% with no significant variation with age. We recommend a second dose of measles vaccine and maintaining high vaccine coverage

Urinary calculi and pattern of fertility among women. A retrospective study.

The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between urolithiasis and pattern of fertility among women as indicated by the age at first pregnancy, the number of pregnancies and the use of contraceptive pills as well as to determine the lateralization of stone. The study was conducted on 250 female patients suffering from urinary stones and a similar number of control randomly selected from the same hospital. Data were obtained by an interviewing questionnaire. The study demonstrated that the mean number of pregnancies of cases is significantly higher than that of control (t = 3.5797). However, history of pregnancy, the age at first pregnancy and the duration of use of contraceptive pills are not significantly related to urolithiasis (X2 = 0.3415, 0.7688 and 1.5120 respectively). Right side stone are more encountered in cases with history of pregnancy than those who have never been pregnant.