[Retrospective study of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in patients infected with HIV in the infectious diseases unit of university hospital of Casablanca, Morocco]. / Étude rétrospective de la cryptococcose neuroméningée chez les patients infectés par le VIH dans le service des maladies infectieuses du CHU de Casablanca, Maroc.

OBJECTIVE: To report the cases of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis and to describe the clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and outcomes of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 43 patients infected with HIV admitted from January first 2010 to June 30th 2015 in the infectious disease unit of UHC Ibn Rochd, for neuromeningeal cryptococcus. RESULTS: The mean frequency of neuromeningeal cryptococcosis in patients infected with HIV was 1.4%. The mean age was 39 years and a sex ratio of 1.38. The mean CD4 count was 70 cells/mm3. The diagnosis of HIV was revealed by neuromeningeal cryptococcus in 77% of cases. Fifteen days interval was reported between the first symptom and hospital admission. Headache (77%) was the most represented clinical sign. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed hypoglycorachy (67%), hyperproteinorachy (65%) and lymphocytosis (63%). Chinese ink direct examination for Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF was positive in 86% of cases and all cases were positive after culture on Sabouraud's medium. Patients were treated with monotherapy amphotericin B (42%) or fluconazole (28%) and bitherapy amphotéricine B/fluconazole (28%). Fatal evolution was observed in 60% of cases. CONCLUSION: Neuromeningeal cryptococcosis remains a severe opportunistic infection in HIV patients with a heavy mortality rate.

[Onychomycosis in Casablanca (Morocco)]. / Les onychomycoses à Casablanca (Maroc).

UNLABELLED: Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease and its prevalence in the literature is estimated between 18 and 50%. The main objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of onychomycosis and specify the most frequently fungal agents isolated at the University Hospital of Casablanca. MATERIAL AND METHODS: [corrected] In a retrospective study, performed at the laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, University Hospital Center of Casablanca (Morocco), over a period of 5 years (2006-2010), mycological results (microscopic study and culture) of 2070 nail samples made during this period were analysed. All onychomycosis cases included in this study had positive microscopy and culture. RESULTS: Totally, during this period, mycological aetiology was confirmed in 64.5% of cases. Dermatophytes were isolated in 65% of cases (n = 858), yeasts in 30% (n = 405) and molds from 72 nails. Candida albicans is the predominant yeast species in this study (49%), essentially in the fingernails. Onyxis in toenails is essentially dermatophytic, and Trichophyton rubrum is isolated in 75% of onychomycosis of foot. CONCLUSION: Onychomycosis is a frequent disease in our context, due to diversified fungal agents: dermatophytis in toenail and Candida at the fingernails.