Green nanogold activity in experimental breast carcinoma in vivo.

BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) has been deployed widely in technologies and many concerns have emerged about the hazardous effect on human health after NPs exposure. OBJECTIVE: Green synthesis of gold NPs (AuNPs) and assessment of their activity in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer mouse model. METHODS: Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) was used in formation of AuNPs with the help of Curcuma longa as aqueous reducing extract and stabilizing agent at room temperature. Formed NPs were characterized with UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zetasizer measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Virgin female albino mice with DMBA-induced breast cancer were treated with formed AuNPs for 5 consecutive days and were dissected after 28 days of the beginning of treatment. RESULTS: UV-Vis spectrometry showed absorbance maximum peak at 530 nm for formed AuNPs, FTIR confirmed formation of plant extract layer around formed NPs; zetasizer measurement revealed 278.2 nm as an average size of produced NPs; SEM and TEM approved formation of monodisperse spherical AuNPs. Biochemical analysis of untreated breast cancer group revealed marked changes in liver and kidney functions manifested by raised activity levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Whereas, the treated group with AuNPs post-breast cancer induction displayed reduction in the activities (of ALT, AST and creatinine), while the BUN activity level was raised. Histopathological examination showed heavy incidence of tumor foci in the breast and lymph nodes belonged to the untreated breast cancer group confirmed with intense response to Ki-67 antibodies. While the treated group with AuNPs post-breast cancer induction showed degenerated tumor foci in the breast and lymph nodes with weak response to Ki-67 antibodies. CONCLUSION: AuNPs were successfully synthesized using HAuCl4 and C. longa extract confirmed their ability to control DMBA-induced breast cancer in virgin female Swiss albino mice.

Reno-protective effects of propolis on gentamicin-induced acute renal toxicity in swiss albino mice / Efectos renoprotectores del propóleo sobre la toxicidad renal aguda inducida por gentamicina en ratones albinos suizos

Antecedentes: El riñón es un órgano vital que desempeña una función importante e insustituible en la desintoxicación y la eliminación de los xenobióticos y, por lo tanto, es vulnerable a desarrollar diversas formas de lesión. Esto hace muy importante la búsqueda de compuestos renoprotectores naturales. Objetivos: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las propiedades renoprotectoras del propóleo contra la toxicidad renal inducida por gentamicina en ratones. Métodos: Para este estudio se utilizaron 3 grupos de 10 ratones macho en cada uno. El primer grupo sirvió como control, el segundo grupo (grupo Gm) recibió 80mg/kg de peso corporal de gentamicina por vía oral durante 7 días y el tercer grupo (grupo GmP) recibió la misma dosis de gentamicina con propóleo (500mg/kg de peso corporal) durante 7 días. Se utilizaron varios parámetros para estudiar la toxicidad renal. Resultados: La gentamicina causó daño renal significativo, como demostró el aumento de los niveles de nitrógeno ureico en sangre, la disminución de la hipocelularidad glomerular, los túbulos moderadamente dilatados y la pérdida leve del borde en cepillo, la infiltración grave, la degeneración tubular extensa y la presencia de cilindros tubulares. Los resultados de la histoquímica muestran presencia de colágeno y fibras reticulares. Las reacciones inmunohistoquímicas muestran lesión renal (expresión del gen Kim-1), estrés oxidativo (expresión del gen MDA) y un aumento de la apoptosis (expresión del gen caspasa-3). La administración concomitante de propóleo con gentamicina mostró disminución significativa de los niveles de nitrógeno ureico en la sangre, aspecto de glomérulos sanos con celularidad normal, reducción de la lesión tubular, disminución de colágeno y deposición de fibras reticulares, reducción de la apoptosis, daño renal y estrés oxidativo. Conclusión: Los resultados presentados en este estudio muestran claramente la función renoprotectora del propóleo contra la toxicidad inducida por gentamicina en el riñón de los ratones (AU)

Background: Kidney is a vital organ which plays an important and irreplaceable role in detoxification and removal of xenobiotics. And therefore is vulnerable to develop various forms of injuries. Hence, making it immensely important to search for natural reno-protective compounds. Objectives: This study therefore, aims to evaluate the reno-protective properties of propolis against gentamicin induced renal toxicity in mice. Methods: Three groups of 10 male mice each were used for this study. First group served as control, the second group (Gm group) was administered orally 80mg/kg body weight gentamicin for 7 days, and the third group (GmP group) was administered same dose of gentamicin with propolis (500mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Various parameters were used to study the renal toxicity. Results: Gentamicin caused significant renal damage as evident by the rise in BUN levels, diminished glomeruli hypocellularity, moderately dilated tubules, and mild loss of brush border, severe infiltration, extensive tubular degeneration and presence of tubular cast. Histochemistry results show presence of collagen and reticular fibres. Immunohistochemical reactions show kidney injury (Kim-1 gene-expression), oxidative stress (MDA gene-expression), and an increase in apoptosis (caspase-3 gene-expression). Co-administration of propolis with gentamicin showed significant decrease in BUN levels, appearance of healthy glomeruli with normal cellularity, reduction of tubular injury, decrease of collagen and reticular fibres deposition, reduction of apoptosis, kidney injury and oxidative stress. Conclusion: Results presented in this study clearly show the reno-protective role of propolis against gentamicin-induced toxicity on mice kidney (AU)

Reno-protective effects of propolis on gentamicin-induced acute renal toxicity in swiss albino mice.

BACKGROUND: Kidney is a vital organ which plays an important and irreplaceable role in detoxification and removal of xenobiotics. And therefore is vulnerable to develop various forms of injuries. Hence, making it immensely important to search for natural reno-protective compounds. OBJECTIVES: This study therefore, aims to evaluate the reno-protective properties of propolis against gentamicin induced renal toxicity in mice. METHODS: Three groups of 10 male mice each were used for this study. First group served as control, the second group (Gm group) was administered orally 80mg/kg body weight gentamicin for 7 days, and the third group (GmP group) was administered same dose of gentamicin with propolis (500mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Various parameters were used to study the renal toxicity. RESULTS: Gentamicin caused significant renal damage as evident by the rise in BUN levels, diminished glomeruli hypocellularity, moderately dilated tubules, and mild loss of brush border, severe infiltration, extensive tubular degeneration and presence of tubular cast. Histochemistry results show presence of collagen and reticular fibres. Immunohistochemical reactions show kidney injury (Kim-1 gene-expression), oxidative stress (MDA gene-expression), and an increase in apoptosis (caspase-3 gene-expression). Co-administration of propolis with gentamicin showed significant decrease in BUN levels, appearance of healthy glomeruli with normal cellularity, reduction of tubular injury, decrease of collagen and reticular fibres deposition, reduction of apoptosis, kidney injury and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: Results presented in this study clearly show the reno-protective role of propolis against gentamicin-induced toxicity on mice kidney.

Attenuation of hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in diabetes STZ-induced type 1 by biotin in Swiss albino mice.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems. This study was designed to investigate the effect of biotin to regulate blood glucose level, reduced toxicity and oxidative stress in liver of diabetic mice STZ-induced type 1. Male mice were divided into three groups, the first one served as the control group, the second and the third groups received single ip dose of 150 mg/kg of STZ, the second group served as the untreated diabetic group, the third group received daily oral dose of 15 mg/kg of biotin, livers and liver index showed insignificant difference among groups. Blood glucose level showed a significant decrease in treated diabetic mice compared to untreated diabetic mice. Biochemical analysis showed a significant decrease in liver enzymes AST and ALT compared to the control group. Histopathological examination showed severe changes in untreated diabetic liver tissue manifested by dilated portal vein, leukocytic infiltration, fatty degeneration and moderate to severe histopathological score, whereas, treated diabetic mice with biotin showed reduction in hepatotoxicity represented by appearance of relative healthy hepatocytes and normal histopathological score. Immunohistochemistry of acrolein showed intense immunoreactions in liver section of untreated diabetic mice and faint immunoreactions in treated diabetic mice with biotin as evidence to oxidative stress reduction.