RESUMO
Eliminating hazardous contaminants is a necessity for maintaining a healthy environment on Earth. This work used a sustainable method to create Iron-Zinc nanocomposites with polyvinyl alcohol assistance. Mentha Piperita (mint leaf) extract was used as a reductant in the green synthesis of bimetallic nanocomposites. Doping with Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) caused a reduction in crystallite size and greater lattice parameters. XRD, FTIR, EDS, and SEM techniques were used to establish their surface morphology and structural characterization. The high-performance nanocomposites were used to remove malachite green (MG) dye using the ultrasonic adsorption technique. Adsorption experiments were designed by central composite design and optimized by response surface methodology. According to this study, 77.87% of the dye was removed at the optimum optimized parameters (10.0 mg L-1 was the concentration of MG dye at a time of 8.0 min, pH 9.0, and 0.02 g of adsorbent amount) with adsorption capacity up to 92.59 mg·g-1. The dye adsorption followed Freundlich's isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic analysis affirmed the spontaneous nature of adsorption due to negative ΔGo values. As a result, the suggested approach offers a framework for creating an effective and affordable technique to remove the dye from a simulated wastewater system for environmental conservation.
RESUMO
Water is an important component of our life. However, the unavailability of fresh water and its contamination are emerging problems. The textile industries are the major suppliers of contamination of water, producing high concentrations of heavy metals and hazardous dyes posing serious health hazards. Several technologies for water purification are available in the market. Among them, the membrane technology is a highly advantageous and facile strategy to remediate wastewater. Herein, the distinguished combination of pore-forming agents, solvent, and nanoparticles has been used to achieve improved functioning of the polymeric composite membranes. To do so, graphene oxide (GO) was fabricated via Hummer's technique and GO functionalization using chloroacetic acid (c-GO) was performed. Thermoplastic polyurathane (TPU) membranes having different concentrations c-GO were made using the phase inversion technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine surface morphology, chemical functionalities on membranes surfaces, and crystallinity of membranes, respectively. The temperature-dependent behavior of c-GO composite membranes has been analyzed using DSC technique. The water contact angle measurements were performed for the estimation of hydrophilicity of the c-GO based TPU membrane. The improved water permeability of the composite membrane was observed with increasing the c-GO concentration in polymeric membranes. c-GO was observed as a potential candidate that enhanced membrane physicochemical properties. The proposed membranes can behave as efficient candidates in multiple domains of environmental remediation. Furthermore, the improved dye rejection characteristics of proposed composite membranes suggest that the membranes can be best suited for wastewater treatment as well.
RESUMO
Environmental pollution has exacerbated the availability of clean water to mankind. In this study, Azadirachta indica leaf extract was used for sustainable synthesis of Fe-Zn nanocomposites (IZNC). The instrumental techniques of Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the structural and chemical composition. The overall surface was mildly acidic in nature, as the pHPZC was observed to be 6.00. The ultrasonicated adsorption experiments were designed by central composite design (CCD). The best responses, which proposed a contaminants removal of 80.39%, were assessed using the response surface methodology (RSM). By repeating experimental runs at the expected optimum operating parameters (OOP), the method was experimentally affirmed with the %mean error and %RSD9 being 2.695% and 1.648%, respectively. The interaction of CV dye and the nanocomposite showed tremendous adsorption efficiency towards crystal violet (CV) dye, as revealed by isotherm studies. Fitting kinetics and isotherm models were affirmed by root mean square error (RMSE), χ2, and a Pearson regression coefficient. Thermodynamic studies proved spontaneity of the CV dye adsorption over the nanocomposites. The values for ΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo were observed to be -1.089 kJ/mol, 28.59 kJ/mol, and -3.546 kJ/mol, respectively. Recovery of CV dye was carried out in a variety of media, including NaOH, NaCl, and CH3COOH. The maximum CV recovery was achieved in an acidic media. The robustness of adsorption was affirmed by the interference of various matrix ions, including KCl, LiCl, NaCl, and MgCl2, which did not significantly affect the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at a low concentration of LiCl. The results show that a green synthesis approach for nanocomposite synthesis might be an effective and economical way to remove organic contaminants from wastewater. Moreover, it is also effective for effluent treatment plants (ETP) for waste management purposes, in which it may be coupled with chlorine as a disinfectant to purify water that can be used for domestic and irrigation purposes.
