Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients having chronic diseases (CD) and COVID-19 infection. METHODS: The study was carried out retrospectively by including 1.516 patients with CDs who applied to two education and research hospitals between June 01, 2021, and August 01, 2021, and were diagnosed with COVID-19. As CDs; cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, rheumatological diseases, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) were screened and evaluated statistically. RESULTS: A total of 1.516 patients with a mean age of 58.05±18.51 years were included in the study. It has been observed that 68.9% of COVID-19 patients have at least one CD. Women were more tend to have CDs than men (73.8% vs. 64.8%). Patients with a history of CD were significantly older and had a longer hospital stay than those without. Patients with CDs were 5.49 times more likely to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and their death rate was 2.52 times higher than the other patients. After the regression analysis, while hypertension (HT) (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.39), DM (OR: 3.64), and any type of cancer (OR: 2.75) were seen as independent risk factors in hospitalizations in the ICU, cardiovascular diseases (OR: 2.27), CKD (OR: 3.69) and psychiatric disorders (OR: 2.18) were seen as independent risk factors associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: The follow-up of COVID-19 patients with CDs should be done more cautiously than others. It should be kept in mind that patients with HT, DM, and cancer may need intensive care at any time of hospitalization, while those with cerebrovascular disease, CKD, and psychiatric problems may have a higher mortality rate than other patients.

Association of blood groups on the risk of COVID-19 infection, morbidity, and mortality.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the effects of blood groups and Rh factor on the development of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) with all aspects such as clinical course, inflammatory parameters, and organ-specific biochemical parameters with a significant number of patients. METHODS: This multicenter study was carried out retrospectively on 3551 patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and whose blood groups were recorded during the time of hospitalization. As control groups, 22133 individuals' medical data who were admitted to the blood bank affiliated with our hospitals during the last year was used. The differences between the blood groups and clinical characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 3551 patients, A Rh (+) blood group was found to be in a higher ratio in the case group than controls, with increased risk to be infected (case: 41.3% vs. control: 38.8%), (OR 1.113; 95% CI: 1.036-1.197; p=0.003). Meanwhile O Rh (+) blood group ratios were significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (case: 26% vs. control: 28.3%) (OR 0.862; 95% CI: 0.823-0.966; p=0.005). There was no significant difference between blood groups in terms of admission to the intensive care units and mortality, it was observed that patients with AB Rh (+) blood group have a greater risk for intubation than others (OR: 1.467; 95% CI: 1.040-2.071; p=0.028). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that people with blood group A Rh (+) more susceptible to COVID-19, whereas blood group 0 Rh (+) have a protective effect against the infection. Once a person has been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, we should be mindful that patients with blood group AB Rh (+) would be prone to intubation more than other blood groups.

Lens autofluorescence ratio as a noninvasive marker of peripheral diabetic neuropathy.

INTRODUCTION Diabetes and its complications are the significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Advanced glycation end products play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the possible use of a biomicroscope (ClearPath DS­­120), which shows the age­­adjusted lens fluorescence ratio (LFR), for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 160 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent an LFR measurement were recruited to this study. DPN was defined as the presence of neuropathic pain or feet sensory loss (or both). Neurothesiometer, monofilament test, and DN4 test results were used for the diagnosis of DPN. RESULTS The LFR of 43 patients (27%) was higher than the expected levels. According to the DN4 questionnaire, 35 of 160 patients (21%) had neuropathic pain. Thirty­­seven patients (23%) had higher vibration perception thresholds than expected (>25 V). The monofilament test showed that 42 patients (26%) seemed to be affected by DPN. All of the tests, when considered individually, revealed that patients with higher LFR had more problems related to DPN (P <0.05). High LFR had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 81% in the diagnosis of DPN. Although there was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels, we observed that HbA1c levels were higher and diabetes duration was longer in patients with higher LFR (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The measurement of LFR may have clinical utility for a noninvasive detection of DPN.