RESUMO
Information on the clinical utility of neuropsychological tests in non-North-American samples is limited. We examined the diagnostic efficacy of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery in Jamaican men and women age 65 and older. A total of 72 elders were diagnosed as normal and 12 were demented based on history, physical, and neurological examination. Independent of this medical examination, participants were tested with the CERAD battery. Normal controls scored significantly better than dementia patients on all tests in the CERAD battery. A discriminant function found that a combination of Word List Learning Sum Recall and Boston Naming Test correctly classified a total of 81% of the cases (83% of the dements and 81% of the normal controls). This study is the first to demonstrate the clinical utility of the CERAD neuropsychological battery in the differential diagnosis of memory disorders of the aged in a non-North-American sample.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesAssuntos
Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Demência/genética , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alelos , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Apolipoproteína E2 , Apolipoproteína E3 , Apolipoproteína E4 , Viés , Demência Vascular/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
10.2% of 1318 people aged 60 to 97 years old interviewed in a community based survey in Jamaica reported that they had type II diabetes mellitus, and this was confirmed by appropriate blood and urine tests. The disease occurred more frequently in females (12.6%) of 669 interviewed) than in males (7.8% of 649 interviewed), and was detected in an additional 2.96% of the study group who were not aware that they had the disease. Among the group of diabetics, 60.25% also reported that they were hypertensive, 63.1% were taking oral anti-diabetic tablets, and 20.4% reported having the disease for more than 20 years. 89.5% of the entire study group, and 88% of the diabetic population, were functionally independent.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Prevalência , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Jamaica, although a developing country, has an aging population and is facing the many issues confronting aging. A community-based study using the Folstein minimental screening tool identified 2.3% of the over-60 population as severely impaired and 11.8% as questionable. The family was identified as the main source of support, and female relatives the main carepersons. Mentally impaired persons were less likely than physically impaired persons not to have a support system or careperson needed.
Assuntos
Cuidadores , Demência/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Apoio Social , Mulheres , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Família , Feminino , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Although the rates of HIV are increasing among female populations in developing countries, there is little information available about factors influencing sexual risk taking among working class women. This paper describes some of the issues discussed by two groups of 58 women working in Jamaica: Informal Commercial Importers and women working in the Freezone. These women discuss their economic vulnerability, expectations about the role of men as providers, multiple partners, perceptions of children as resources and concern about physical abuse as factors that could influence decisions about condom use. The implications of these findings are discussed for their impact on intervention programs targeting working class women in Jamaica.
Assuntos
Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/psicologia , Adulto , Tomada de Decisões , Dependência Psicológica , Feminino , Apoio Financeiro , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Jamaica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , Poder Psicológico , Papel (figurativo) , Estudos de Amostragem , Parceiros Sexuais , Valores Sociais/etnologia , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/etnologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Demência/etnologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/etnologia , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , População Negra , Cuidadores/psicologia , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência/psicologia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Assistência Domiciliar/psicologia , Humanos , Jamaica , Manitoba , Nigéria , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This study is a preliminary effort to document the role of drugs in motor vehicle accidents as it examines the presence of alcohol, marijuana and cocaine in blood samples of thirty-one motor vehicle fatalities. The study identified that males (90.3%) and pedestrians (41.9%) were killed most often. Evidence of alcohol intake was found in 77.5% of the fatalities and 35.5% had alcohol levels above the legal acceptable limits. Traces of marijuana were found in 22.5% and a combination of alcohol and marijuana in 22.5% of the victims.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Cannabis , Cocaína , Etanol , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
The past two decades have witnessed the growth of the over-60, "elderly" population both in numbers and life expectancy. Similarly, there has been a shift in overall morbidity from acute to chronic causes and associated lifestyle factors. The increasing elderly population provides health care planners with new challenges at a time of decreasing resources. The public health approach, which equally stresses the responsibility of the individual, the family, the community and health care providers, is suggested as the starting point for addressing the issue.
