Effect Of Corticosteroid And Immune-Suppressive Drugs On Oral Manifestations In Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.

Objectives: To explore if the oral lesions in coronavirus disease-2019 patients are caused by the drugs used in the treatment or by the virus itself. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to September 2021 at the Kafrelsheikh University Hospital, Egypt, and comprised coronavirus disease-2019 patients of either gender aged 20-60 years having severe pneumonia and breathing difficulties who had no comorbidities. Based on the level of interleukin-6 and procalcitonin, the patients were classified into high group I receiving tocilizumab and methylprednisolone, medium group II receiving methylprednisolone alone, and low group III receiving antiviral drugs. The oral manifestations were recorded at the time of admission before treatment and at 2 weeks after the respective treatment. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 90 patients, 30(33.3%) were in group I; 16(%) males and 14(%) females with mean age 44.82±6.10 years. Group II had 27(%) patients; 14(%) males and 13(%) females with mean age 43.74±4.87 years. Group III had 33(%) patients; 9(%) males and 14(%) females with mean age 42.66±2.51 years (p>0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment regarding oral manifestations. Intragroup comparison demonstrated a significant difference in the two values in all the three groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Oral lesions in coronavirus disease-2019 patients were caused by the virus itself rather than the drugs used in its treatment.

The Effect Of Interleukin-6 And Procalcitonin Level On The Development Of Oral Manifestation In Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of interleukin-6 and procalcitonin levels in plasma on the development of oral manifestation in patients of coronavirus disease-2019. Method: The case-control study was conducted from January to September 2021 at Kafrelsheikh University Hospital, Egypt, and comprised severe coronavirus disease.One hundred patients of either gender aged 30-60 years were included.. The patients were divided into two equal groups, with group I having patients with oral manifestations, and group II had those without any oral symptoms. Plasma samples from both the groups were used to determine serum interleukin-6 and procalcitonin levels using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients, 50(50%) were in each of the two groups. Group I had 29(58%) males and 21(42%) females with overall mean age 44.83±6.12 years. Group II had 26(52%) males and 24(48%) females with overall mean age of 43.68±4.62 years. Interleukin 6 wassignificantly high in group I than in group II (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the groups for procalcitonin level (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Interleukin-6 level could play an important role in the development of oral manifestation in coronavirus disease-2019 patients.

Clinical And Radiographic Assessment Of Autogenous Dentin Nanoparticles In Treatment Of Stage Iii Periodontitis: A Split-Mouth Clinical Study.

Objectives: To compare autogenous dentin nanoparticles with allograft bone grafts in the treatment of stage III periodontitis. Method: The randomised study was conducted at the Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University Hospital, Egypt, from January 2021 to January 2022, and comprised adult patients of either gender with stage III periodontitis. Each patient's bilateral intrabony defect was randomly treated with an allograft on one side and a graft made of dentin nanoparticles on the testside. Each patient'sremoved tooth was ground into these nanoparticles. Both groups had their probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss evaluated at baseline and six months aftersurgery. Additionally, digital periapical films were collected in both groups at baseline and six months after therapy to assess vertical bone loss. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS: Of the 20 patients, 8(40%) were males and 12(60%) were females with overall mean age 31.00±4.06 years(range: 18-50 years). Of the 40 sites, 20(50%) each were in test and control groups. Compared to baseline values, both groups showed significant improvement in probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and vertical bone loss post intervention (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the postoperative outcomes of the two groups(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous dentin nanoparticles were found to be an effective and promising biomaterial for bone regeneration in intrabony defects. Clinical Trial: NCT05258006 link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05258006, Registration date of the Trial 10/2/2022.

Clinical and radiographic diagnostic study of strontium ranelate andmetal-substituted hydroxyapatite bone graft materials in diabetesmellitus with chronic periodontitis.

Background: The present study aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic effect of strontium ranelate and metal-substituted hydroxyapatite as bone graft materials on treating chronic periodontitis among diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: A randomized split-mouth study was conducted on 20 sites in 10 controlled type II diabetic patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. After phase I therapy, the sites were randomly allocated by a computer-generated table into two groups. Group 1: A mucoperiosteal flap was elevated in 10 sites, followed by the placement of strontium ranelate mixed with Gengigel. Group 2: A mucoperiosteal flap was elevated in 10 opposite sites, followed by the placement of metal-substituted hydroxyapatite mixed with Gengigel. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 3- and 6-month intervals. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used at baseline and after six months to assess bone gain. Results: The two treatment modalities resulted in a statistically significant reduction in clinical parameters at the 3- and 6-month intervals compared to the mean baseline value. Intergroup comparison showed a significant reduction in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in group 1 compared to group 2. Comparison of the two sides by CBCT showed a significant increase in the alveolar bone height in the SR group than the metal-substituted hydroxyapatite group. Conclusion: Clinical and radiographic results showed a significant improvement in the two groups and provided evidence that strontium ranelate is promising in treating periodontal diseases.

Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Periodontitis Patients in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: To investigate changes in periodontal parameters and superoxide dismutase activity after root surface debridement with and without omega-3 fatty acid (omega-3 FA) supplementation in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis were divided randomly into two groups. Group 1 (control group, n = 25) patients were provided with periodontal treatment in the form of scaling and root planing (SRP) plus soft gelatinous capsules containing only some olive oil, while group 2 (n = 25) received SRP along with systemic administration of omega-3 FAs in the same soft gelatinous capsules. Clinical parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months after therapy. RESULTS: By the end of the study period, the omega-3-treated group achieved a greater mean probing pocket depth reduction, a mean gain in clinical attachment level especially in deep periodontal pockets, as well as a greater increase in SOD activity (p < 0.01) compared to SRP alone. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive omega-3 FAs supplements with SRP reduce periodontal inflammation and improve the status of systemic enzymatic antioxidants in postmenopausal women.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with or without platelet-rich fibrin membrane in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.

BACKGROUND: Nano-sized ceramics may represent a promising class of bone graft substitutes due to their improved osseointegrative properties. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NcHA) binds to bone and stimulate bone healing by stimulation of osteoblast activity. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), an intimate assembly of cytokines, glycan chains, and structural glycoproteins enmeshed within a slowly polymerized fibrin network, has the potential to accelerate soft and hard tissue healing. The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiographical outcome of NcHA bone graft with or without PRF, in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a split-mouth study design, 20 patients having two almost identical intrabony defects with clinical probing depth of at least 6 mm were selected for the study. Selected sites were randomly divided into two groups. In Group I, mucoperiosteal flap elevation followed by the placement of NcHA was done. In Group II, mucoperiosteal flap elevation, followed by the placement of NcHA with PRF was done. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and at 6-month postoperatively. RESULTS: Both treatment groups showed a significant probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, clinical attachment gain, increase bone density 6-month after surgery compared with baseline. However, there was a significantly greater PPD reduction and clinical attachment gain when PRF was added to NcHA. CONCLUSION: The NcHA bone graft in combination with PRF demonstrated clinical advantages beyond that achieved by the NcHA alone.

Effect of local application of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil gel on long pentraxin level used as an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy has been proven to be an effective treatment for patients with chronic periodontitis. Tea tree oil (TTO) can be used as adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy in patient with chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adjunctive treatment of TTO on the clinical parameters and the level of pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were divided into two groups, Group I received scaling and root planing (SRP) only, Group II received SRP and TTO gel. Clinical parameters were recorded and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from each subject for measuring PTX3 levels at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: In all evaluation periods, there was statistically significant reduction in each of the studied clinical parameters and PTX3 level in Group II as compared with Group I. CONCLUSIONS: The local delivery of TTO gel in case of chronic periodontitis may have some beneficial effects to augment the results of the conventional periodontal therapy. Moreover, it places a focus on the value of monitoring GCF levels of PTX3 as a marker of periodontal tissue healing.