[Nutrition and adipose tissue distribution in low cardiovascular risk individuals, depending on the central obesity].

The low cardiovascular risk group according to SCORE in relation to the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients is very heterogeneous, which leads to the presence of a residual risk of cardiovascular events. This category may include individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease at a young age, with abdominal obesity (AO), endothelial dysfunction, and high levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In this regard, an active search is underway for new metabolic markers within the low cardiovascular risk group. The purpose of the study was to compare the nutrition, the adipose tissue distribution in low cardiovascular risk individuals, depending on the AO. Material and methods. The study included 86 healthy low risk (SCORE<1%) patients (mean age 42.6±2 years), who were divided into 2 groups: with AO [waist circumference (WC) >=94 cm in men and >=80 cm in women] - 44 patients (32% of men) and without AO - 42 patients (38% of men). The body composition was carried out using the bioimpedance analyzer. The distribution of ectopic fat deposits in the liver, pancreas and epicardial region was studied using ultrasound methods. A frequency questionnaire (Diet Risk Score) was used to assess nutrition. Results. In low risk patients with AO, signs of unhealthy diet are statistically significantly more common (in 52 in the main group vs 2% in the control group, p<0.01), ectopic deposition of adipose tissue in the liver (53 vs 9%, p<0.001), pancreas (56% in the main group, absent in the control group, p<0.001), epicardia l region (the epicardial fat thickness median is 4.24 mm in the main group vs 2.15 mm in the control group) compared with a control group. Conclusion. The low cardiovascular risk group is very heterogeneous. One of the markers of heterogeneity is central obesity - a marker of unhealthy diet, subclinical ectopic fat deposition and hypertriglyceridemia. Patients with AO of the low cardiovascular risk group require a more thorough examination with the obligatory determination of waist circumference, ultrasound assessment of the liver and pancreas parenchyma, and determination of the epicardial fat thickness. Using a short nutrition questionnaire allows you to quickly identify signs of unhealthy diet and discuss them with the patient.

[Dietary changes in males from adolescence to adulthood: results of a 28-year prospective study].

Dietary pattern usually changes with age; however, certain dietary habits may remain constant. The goal of this study was to analyze dynamic changes in the dietary pattern of males from adolescence to adulthood during a 28-year prospective follow-up. Material and methods. Initially, a representative population sample of 1,005 boys aged 11 to 12 years (mean age 11.9±0.1 years) was examined. Four visits were performed at the ages of 15, 17, 22 and 43. Assessment of actual dietary pattern was carried out by the 24-hour dietary recall method. Results. It was discovered that dietary pattern was changing with age as follows: proportions (Δ%) of meats [M (95% confidence interval)] 2.4 (-0.5-5.3), fish and seafood 1.5 (0.4-2.7), eggs 0.8 (0.1-1.5), and vegetable oils 0.3 (0.1-0.5) were increasing with age, whereas the proportions of animal fats -1.0 [-1.4…-0.6], bread and bakery -2.8 [-5.5…-0.1], sweets and confectionery -2.6 [-4.8…-0.5] were decreasing. We also observed a trend of increased consumption of fruits and fruit juices [Δ=4.9 (1.5-8.4)%]. The magnitudes of the tracking coefficients (correlation coefficients) between the initial (at the age of 15 years) values of the contributions of the main food groups to the total weight of the daily diet and their values at subsequent stages of prospective study showed that eating habits, as a certain dietary pattern, are relatively stable only in adolescence. Conclusion. Over 28 years of prospective observation of males, from adolescence to adulthood, their eating patterns underwent significant changes, which must be taken into account when developing preventive measures aimed at correcting unhealthy dietary patterns in children and adolescents, and at transition to a balanced diet.

[THE MODE OF EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF C3-CONVERTASE OF CLASSIC PATH OF ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT].

The technique of detection of stabilization of C3-convertase classical way of activation of system of complement inhuman blood serum. The technique comprises two stages and is based on applying a reaction of lysis of erythrocytes of sheep sensitized by antibodies using 0.8% human blood serum. Preliminary an incubation of two samples (experimental and control) is applied during 10 min. and then reaction of activation of complement is stopped by adding a buffer containing 10 mM of EDTA. In control sample degree of lysis of erythrocytes is established and experimental sample is additionally incubated during 30 min at 37oC and then degree of lysis is determined. The activity of C3-convertase is calculated as a difference between degree of lysis and in experimental and control samples. The difference more than 10% is considered as a pathological state conditioned by stabilization of C3-convertase of classical way of activation of system of complement. The studies were carried out concerning stabilization of C3-convertase of classical way of activation of compliment in 31 patients with abdominal obesity. It is demonstrated that in 87% of patients with abdominal obesity stabilization of C3-convertase was established.

[The Optimal Allies in the Control Strategy of Hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: to review the available results of clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril and the calcium antagonist amlodipine, including an analysis of the actual antihypertensive effect and organoprotective action in the russian population of patients. The main objectives of the treatment of hypertension is to achieve target blood pressure level and protection of target organs. According to the available evidence base these properties to a greater extent have only ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists. When analyzing the results of clinical studies using a fixed combination of lisinopril and amlodipine revealed high levels of efficacy and safety in patients suffering from hypertension and related to different groups at risk of developing cardiovascular complications. CONCLUSION. The combination of lisinopril and amlodipine is a key for effective, safe control of blood pressure, organoprotection and high adherence to the treatment of patients with hypertension.

[Efficacy and Safety of Rosuvastatin in Patients of Different Risk Groups of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases].

The purpose of the review - analysis of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin in respect of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, as well as in patients with acute coronary syndrome. As a primary pathogenetic therapy aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and death from cardiovascular disease ischemic nature, used statins, which have both lipid-lowering and pleiotropic other positive properties. When analyzing the results of the comparative evaluation of different statins best performance indicators in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events were at the rosuvastatin. The first drug is bioequivalent to the original rosuvastatin in Russia became mertenil company "Gedeon Richter". The therapeutic equivalence of mertenil is comparable with that of the original drug in patients of different groups at risk of developing cardiovascular complications (from low to very high). Mertenil can be regarded as an effective and safe drug from the group of statins for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients of all risk groups.

[Efficacy and Safety of Rosuvastatin in Patients of Different Risk Groups of Developing Cardiovascular].

The purpose of the review - analysis of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin in respect of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, as well as in patients with acute coronary syndrome. As a primary pathogenetic therapy aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and death from cardiovascular disease ischemic nature, used statins, which have both lipid-lowering and pleiotropic other positive properties. When analyzing the results of the comparative evaluation of different statins best performance indicators in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events were at the rosuvastatin. The first drug is bioequivalent to the original rosuvastatin in Russia became mertenil company "Gedeon Richter". The therapeutic equivalence of mertenil is comparable with that of the original drug in patients of different groups at risk of developing cardiovascular complications (from low to very high). Mertenil can be regarded as an effective and safe drug from the group of statins for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications in patients of all risk groups.

[Optimal Control Strategy Allies in Blood Pressure].

OBJECTIVE: to review the available results of clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril and the calcium antagonist amlodipine, including an analysis of the actual antihypertensive effect and organoprotective action in the russian population of patients. The main objectives of the treatment of hypertension is to achieve target blood pressure level and protection of target organs. According to the available evidence base these properties to a greater extent have only ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists. When analyzing the results of clinical studies using a fixed combination of lisinopril and amlodipine revealed high levels of efficacy and safety in patients suffering from hypertension and related to different groups at risk of developing cardiovascular complications. CONCLUSION: The combination of lisinopril and amlodipine is a key for effective, safe control of blood pressure, organoprotection and high adherence to the treatment of patients with hypertension.