[Hygienic aspects of iodic deficiency in the children's population of the Saratov region].

The analysis of clusters of iodine-scarce states formation among the children's population of the Saratov Region is submitted. The hygienic assessment of iodine content in raw food materials and foodstuffs grown up and made on the territory of the Saratov Region is given. It has been revealed that various food groups were characterized by a low iodine content, which was (mcg/100 g) in the bread--4.5 +/- 1.0; 3,6 +/- 0.8 in wheat grain; 2.7 +/- 0.6 in buckwheat; 2.5 +/- 1.1 in beans; 1.95 +/- 0.9 in peas. The actual iodine content in local vegetables and fruits was 1.3-1.6 fold below than the standard chemical composition according to the national tables, in river fish--twice. The quality analysis of the iodated salt sold in the trading network has been carried out. It has been found out that the use of the iodated salt with low iodine content has decreased the additional direct population risk from 12.34% in 2000 to 0.48% in 2010. For the last few years the use of the iodated salt tends to increase in the Saratov Region. In 2011 the iodated salt was used by 37.2% of urban population and 29.0% of villagers. In 2011 88.6% of school students were provided with the iodated salt in educational institutions of the area. It has been shown that the formation of mass iodine-scarce states among the population in the Saratov Region has lasted for a long time. The screening researches of urine excretion in the organized groups of surveyed children revealed an average level of iodine deficiency. In 2011 the iodine deficiency of moderate degree was registered in 18 areas of the Saratov Region, in 6--of easy degree, whereas the moderately severe deficiency areas were not registered.

[Problem of risk of processes of increasing in the concentration of chemical pollutants in the small rivers of the Saratov region for population health].

The health hazard of the processes of accumulation of the chemical pollutants in superficial reservoirs of the small rivers of the Saratov region for the population health was shown in the previous studies. The necessity of application of additional oxidation and absorption methods and also control for technology of an intake of water from superficial sources of water supply on treatment facilities was suggested.

[Professor V. A. Arnol'dov--a hygienist, scientist, university teacher, and initiator of sanitation in Russia (on his 150th birthday)].

The paper gives Professor V. A. Arnoldov's brief bibliographic data pertaining to the development of sanitation and zemstvo medicine in Bashkiria, Tatarstan, and the Saratov Province. It shows V. A. Arnoldov's scientific and pedagogical potential in the development of preventive medicine in Russia.

[Characteristics of nutrition and vitamin supply in girls with metabolic syndrome].

Assessment of actual nutrition in girls with metabolic syndrome revealed excess dietary energy value due to the higher intake of fat and carbohydrates (mono- and disaccharides in particular) and the low intake of vitamin E. The vitamin status of the majority of girls with metabolic syndrome showed varying blood and urinary vitamin E, C, and B, deficiencies.

[Comparative study of the efficiency of methods for serodiagnosis of urogenital chlamydiasis].

The studies have established that the combined use of ChlamiScan and ImmunoComb IgG in practical health care is most effective for the laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia infection of the urogenital tract.

[Hygienic assessment of the organization of physical education in adolescent engine-driver's mate apprentices].

The conditions of male teenagers' work and training as engine-driver mate apprentices at a railway college were subject to physiological and hygienic assessments. The influence of a complex of occupational and training factors on teenagers' health was studied. The hygienic approach to applying special physical exercises and improving their professional characteristics on attaining skills is justified.

[Assessment of the state of chromatin from whole blood leucocytes and lymphocyte population and the level of serum immunoglobulins in patients with acute and chronic cerebral ischemia].

A state of chromatin from whole blood leucocytes and lymphocyte population, using an automated method of cytological analysis flow cytofluorometry, and a level of serum IgA, IgG, IgM have been studied in patients with cerebral vascular disorders (chronic cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction). An analysis of serum immunoglobulin levels did not reveal any significant changes in the groups studied. In patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, the increase of percentage of leucocytes and lymphocytes with activated chromatin, accompanied with the elevated synthesis of nucleic acids and the following elevated synthesis of proteins, including the active enzymes, was found that suggest the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. In patients with ischemic stroke, the percentage of leucocytes with activated chromatin was lower compared to control values that implied the occurrence of immunopathological reaction and role of peripheral blood lymphoid cells in the genesis of anti-inflammatory process in acute cerebral ischemia. The results obtained may be used in elaboration of new approaches to differential pathogenetic therapy of patients with different forms of cerebral blood flow disturbances.

[Comparative efficiency of detection of the causative agent of urogenital chlamydiasis by immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, and dot immunoassay].

The diagnostic efficiency of three diagnostic kits--two commercial (for direct immunofluorescent test (DIFT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and one predeveloped experimental dot-ELISA--was compared. For this, specimens (cervical or urethral scrapes) from 225 patients with suspected or verified urogenital chlamydiasis were analyzed. Dot-ELISA was shown to have a higher sensitivity and a higher specificity than both commercial kits. The coincidence of positive and negative results of dot-ELISA with DIFT and PCR was 98.6 +/- 1.4 and 100%, respectively. In addition, dot-ELISA on the "Amersham" membrane could detect cases of the disease by 7 and 1.2 times, as compared with PCR and DIFT, respectively. The prospects of the dot-ELISA kit for the rapid, simple, and cheap diagnosis of urogenital chlamydiasis are discussed.

[Prognostic factors of efficacy of eradication therapy in patients with duodenal ulcer].

The aim of the study was to determine microorganism-associated predictors of efficacy of eradication therapy in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcer. The subjects were 129 such patients. Clinical, endoscopic, microbiological, and immunological examination revealed differences in the initial immune status, the structure of gastroduodenal zone mucosa, and large bowel biocenosis, which predict efficacy of eradication therapy.

[Apudocytes in experimental cholera vaccination]. / Sostoianie apudotsitov pri protivokholernoi vaktsinatsii.

The morphofunctional state of apudocytes in the gastrointestinal tract and immunocompetent organs (spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes) of mice immunized with chemical bivalent cholera vaccine was studied. The study revealed that the APUD system of the intestine and the argyrophil elements of the immunocompetent organs of white mice gave a response to the oral administration of commercial cholera vaccine. The reaction of the APUD system of the gastrointestinal tract was manifested by a significant increase in the number of apudocytes and their greater synthesizing activity in the immunized animals during the period of maximum immunological transformation of the macroorganism. The immunization of mice with Vibrio cholerae facilitated the maintenance of homeostasis in the macroorganism and prevented appearance of morphological disturbances in its organs and system after subsequent challenge with V. cholerae.

[Synthesis of protective antigens during submerged cultivation of Vibrio cholerae]. / Dinamika sinteza protektivnykh antigenov v protsesse glubinnogo kul'tivirovaniia Vibrio cholerae.

The effectiveness of dot immunoanalysis for evaluating the dynamics of the synthesis of O-antigen, cholera toxin, neuraminidase, adhesin CFA1 in the process of the reactor cultivation of V. cholerae used for the production of oral chemical cholera vaccine is shown. The established regularities of the synthesis of the protective antigens of V. cholerae in the process of scaled-up cultivation are discussed.

[The use of a new strain of Vibrio cholerae O139 as a producer of an enteric chemical vaccine]. / Ispol'zovanie novogo shtamma Vibrio cholerae O139 v kachestve produtsenta énteral'noi khimicheskoi vaktsiny.

Conditions for the submerged cultivation of a strain of V. cholerae O139, were worked out. These conditions ensured a high yield of biomass, soluble O-antigen and exoenzymes (proteinase, phospholipase A) into the culture medium, which exceeded their production by strains of serovar O1, respectively, 2, 3, 4 and 8 times. The preparation, isolated from the culture fluid and lyophilized, contained up to 50% of O-antigen and exoenzymes. In experiments on white mice the preparation exhibited low toxicity (LD50 was equal, on the average, to 1.2 mg) and immunogenicity (ED50 was equal to 3-5 micrograms) with respect to V. cholerae O139, which corresponded to the protective potency of commercial vaccine against V. cholerae O1 infection.

[The determination of the optimal inoculation dose of an oral cholera bivalent chemical vaccine in a controlled trial of the vaccination of children and adolescents]. / Opredelenie otpimal'noi privivochnoi dozy oral'noi kholernoi bivalentnoi khimicheskoi vaktsiny v kontroliruemom opyte vaktsinatsii detei i podrostkov.

The reactogenicity and immunological effectiveness of different doses of cholera vaccine for oral administration (in tablets), containing choleragen toxoid, Ogawa and Inaba O-antigens and some of Vibrio cholerae exoenzymes, have been tested on 143 children aged 2-17 years. In this investigation the optimum immunization doses of the preparation have been established: two tablets containing 100,000 binding units (BU) of the toxoid and 2,500 units of O-antigen for children 11-14 years; four tablets containing 200,000 BU of the toxoid and 5,000 units of O-antigen for adolescents aged 15-17 years. An essential advantage of the oral vaccine over vaccines intended for parenteral administration lies in its capacity for inducing the accumulation of secretory antibodies (coproantibodies) in practically all vaccinees.

[The characteristics of the reactogenicity and immunological activity of a new cholera bivalent chemical vaccine based on the results of controlled trials]. / Kharakteristika reaktogennosti i immunologicheskoi aktivnosti novoi kholernoi bivalentnoi khimicheskoi vaktsiny po itogam kontroliruemykh ispytanii.

The reactogenic properties and immunological potency of modified cholera chemical vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + O-antigens Inaba and Ogawa) were tested in 278 volunteers aged 18 years and over in comparison with those of a commercial batch of monovalent cholera vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + O-antigen Inaba). The cholera vaccine, enriched with O-antigen Ogawa, was found to be safe; vaccination with this vaccine was not accompanied by the development of systemic and local reactions whose frequency and intensity met the requirements for the reactogenic properties of commercial cholera vaccine. The immunological potency of the bivalent vaccine with respect to strain Inaba was not inferior to that of the commercial vaccine; at the same time in persons immunized with the new preparation the titers of vibriocidal antibodies to strain of serovar Inaba were five-fold higher. The conclusion on the expediency of using cholera chemical vaccine enriched with O-antigen Ogawa was made.