RESUMO
The effect of some physical and nutritional parameters were studied for the optimum production of extracellular enzyme hyaluronidase employing Streptococcus mitis MTCC*2695 by submerged fermentation. The effects of initial pH, incubation temperature and time, inoculum level and age of inoculum were studied. The maximum enzymatic activity was obtained with an initial pH 5.8, incubation temperature 37°, incubation time for 48 h and inoculum level 6% with inoculum age 24 h. The effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources and antibiotics were studied. The results indicated that sucrose and ammonium chloride showed the highest enzymatic activity among various carbon and nitrogen sources. Antibiotic clarithromycin showed strong inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase production.
RESUMO
Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn belonging to family Barringtoniaceae was investigated to evaluate In vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanolic, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli the major urinary tract infection causing pathogens were tested by disc diffusion assay method and the minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated. Ethanol (95%) extract exhibited broader spectrum of inhibition followed by chloroform, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts against the urinary tract pathogens under test. An attempt has been made to compare the activity of extracts with standard antibiotics against selected urinary tract infection causing pathogens.
RESUMO
We isolated a bioactive streptomycete from marine sediment samples collected at Bay of Bengal, India, during our systematic study of marine actinobacteria. The taxonomic studies indicated that the isolate is related to Strepomyces corchorusii. However, it differed in certain aspects, and, hence, was designated as S. corchorusii AUBN(1)/7. A solvent extraction followed by a chromatographic purification helped obtain from the isolate two cytotoxic compounds, which were identified as resistomycin, a quinone-related antibiotic, and tetracenomycin D, an anthraquinone antibiotic, on the basis of spectral data of pure compounds. They demonstrated in vitro a potent cytotoxic activity against cell lines HMO2 (gastric adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatic carcinoma) and also exhibited weak antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2006, vol. 32, no. 3; see also http://www.maik.ru.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Streptomyces/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzopirenos/química , Benzopirenos/isolamento & purificação , Benzopirenos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Naftacenos/química , Naftacenos/isolamento & purificação , Naftacenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Lipase production by the mutant strain Rhizopus sp. BTNT-2 was optimized in submerged fermentation. Different chemical and physical parameters such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, oils, inoculum level, pH, incubation time, incubation temperature and aeration have been extensively studied to increase lipase productivity. Potato starch (1.25% w/v) as a carbon source, corn steep liquor (1.5% w/v) as a nitrogen source and olive oil (0.5% v/v) as lipid source were found to be optimal for lipase production. The optimal levels of other parameters are 4 ml of inoculum (2.6x10(8) spores/ml), initial pH of 5.5, incubation time of 48 hours, incubation temperature of 28 degrees C and aeration rate of 120 rpm. With the optimized parameters, the highest production of lipase was 59.2 U/ml while an yield of only 28.7 U/ml was obtained before optimization resulting in 206% increase in the productivity.
Assuntos
Lipase/biossíntese , Rhizopus/enzimologia , Biomassa , Carbono/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Tensoativos/farmacologia , TemperaturaRESUMO
The effect of 30, 70, 90, 100, 110 and 150 gauss permanent magnetic field strength on the growth and neomycin titre of Streptomyces marinensis was studied. Maximum growth was attained in 120 h at all magnetic strengths. Gradual increase in neomycin titre was observed with increase of magnetic field strength up to 110 gauss.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Campos Eletromagnéticos , Neomicina/biossíntese , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Fermentação , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Streptomyces/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Actinomycetes were isolated from marine sediments off Machilipatnam coast of Andhra Paradesh by plating on Starch-Casein Agar medium. From which one isolate AUB N5/8 was selected for detailed morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical studies. The genera encountered were, Streptomycetes. Studies were compared with known strain S. baarinenisis (ISP 5232). It showed enough significant difference to create the status of a separate species for our isolate AUB N5/8. Hence it was designated as Streptomyces kavutarensis Sp.nov.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbono/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Strain development for antibiotic production has been an essential prerequistie for efficient production process. Studies were carried out to produce high antibiotic yield strain by using UV and N-methyl-N1-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) as mutagens. A superior mutant (PNTG-22) with a productivity of 2.4 time (810-1995 microg/ml higher than, the parent strain was produced.
Assuntos
Acremonium/metabolismo , Cefalosporinas/biossíntese , Acremonium/genética , Acremonium/efeitos da radiação , Mutação , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Esporos Fúngicos/químicaRESUMO
A binary system for gene activation and site specific integration based on conditional recombination of transfected sequences mediated by FLP recombinase from yeast was implemented in mammalian cells. In several cell lines, FLP rapidly and precisely recombined copies of its specific target sequences to activate an otherwise silent beta-galactosidase reporter gene. Clones of marked cells were generated by excisional recombination within a chromosomally integrated copy of the silent reporters. These clones exhibited intense blue colour with X-Gal staining solution.
Assuntos
DNA Nucleotidiltransferases/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , Cricetinae , DNARESUMO
Treatment of spore suspension of Cephalosporium acremonium ATCC 48272 with UV rays and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) induced mutants capable of producing higher yields of cephalosporin C. Antibiotic yield was improved from 630 micrograms/ml to 1995 micrograms/ml of the broth resulting in a high yielding mutant.
Assuntos
Acremonium/metabolismo , Cefalosporinas/biossíntese , Acremonium/efeitos dos fármacos , Acremonium/genética , Fermentação , Mutagênicos/farmacologia , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
Microorganisms, that degrade hydrocarbon were isolated and screened for their biosurfactant activity. A total of 68 strains were isolated and tested for their glycolipid activity of which 4 isolates showed good glycolipid activity. Isolate K10 gave the maximum biosurfactant production in medium A (containing kerosene as a sole carbon source) as compared to medium B (containing glucose as a sole carbon source). Characterization of isolate K10 showed that it belongs to Pseudomonas species.
Assuntos
Glicolipídeos/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Glucose/metabolismo , Bactéria Gordonia , Querosene , TensoativosRESUMO
Production of cephalosporin C employing a strain, Cephalosporium sp. NCIM 1039 under solid state fermentation was optimized. Different substrates like wheat bran, wheat grains, rice grains, barley and rice bran were studied to optimize the best substrate. Wheat bran showed the highest antibiotic yield. The physical and chemical parameters were optimized. The maximum productivity of cephalosporin C (750 U/g) was achieved by employing wheat bran and with optimized nutritional and process parameters such as potato starch as additive 1% w/w, urea as additive 1% w/w, incubation period of 7 days, incubation temperature at 30 degrees C, inoculum level 10% w/v, moisture content of solid substrate 80% and pH 7.0.
Assuntos
Cefalosporinas/biossíntese , Acremonium/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura , Fermentação , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
This investigation reports the occurrence of bioactive rare actinomycetes from different indigenous natural substrates of Andhra Pradesh. During the course of our investigation on 20 terrestrial soil samples, 5 marine samples and 3 fresh water samples, a total of 92 rare actinomycetes belonging to Micromonospora, Nocardia, Actinomadura and Thermoactinomyces genera were isolated. The antimicrobial and enzymatic activities were studied for all the isolates. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied preliminarily by cross-streak method followed by submerged fermentation studies employing standard cup-plate method for the assay. It was found that 34 isolates (36.95%) showed excellent antibacterial activity and 29 isolates (31.52%) showed good antifungal activity. Proteolytic and amylolytic activities were also studied. It was observed that 79 isolates (85.86%) showed proteolytic activity and 75 isolates (81.52%) showed amylolytic activity.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Actinobacteria/enzimologia , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Doce , Índia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microbiologia do Solo , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
Sediment samples from Krishna River at Nagayalanka of Andhra Pradesh, India were investigated as a source of actinomycetes to screen for the production of novel bioactive compounds. During our investigation on fresh water actinomycetes from 5 different river sediment samples, a total of 80 actinomycetes were isolated. Out of these 80 isolates, 30 isolates which showed distinct macromorphological characteristics were selected. The antimicrobial and enzymatic activities were studied for all the 30 isolates. The preliminary study for antimicrobial activity by cross streak method indicated that 16 isolates (53.3%) have excellent antagonistic properties. All these 16 isolates were subjected to detailed submerged fermentation studies. It was observed that 12 isolates (40.0%) exhibited antibacterial activity, 9 isolates (30.0%) showed antifungal activity while 5 isolates (16.6%) showed both antibacterial and antifungal activities. All the 30 isolates were also subjected for the determination of enzymatic activities 25 isolates (83.3%) exhibited amylolytic activity while 27 isolates (90.0%) showed proteolytic activity. Among these isolates, six promising isolates were selected for detailed morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical studies. It was established that these isolates belong to the Streptomyces genus by virtue of their cell wall composition pattern and were identified as strains of different Streptomyces species like S. rochei, S. alanosinicus, S. erumpens, S. griseoplanus, S. gancidicus and S. nigrogriseolus.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria/metabolismo , Actinobacteria/enzimologia , Actinobacteria/ultraestrutura , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Água Doce , Índia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Optimization of the fermentation medium for maximum alkaline protease production was carried out using a new strain, Bacillus Sp. PE-11. METHODS: The carbon source (glucose), the nitrogen source (peptone) and salt solution were selected to optimize. A 2(3 )full factorial composite experimental design and response surface methodology were used in the design of experiments and in the analysis of results. This procedure limited the number of actual experiments performed while allowing for possible interactions between the three components. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The optimum values for the tested variables for the maximum alkaline protease production were; glucose 7.798 (g/L), peptone 9.548 (g/L) and salt solution 8.757%. The maximum alkaline protease production was 4,98,123 PU/L. This method was efficient; only 20 experiments were necessary to assess these conditions, and model adequacy was very satisfactory, as the coefficient of determination was 0.941. CONCLUSIONS: In the work, we have demonstrated the use of a central composite factorial design by determining the conditions leading to the high yield of enzyme production. Thus, smaller and less time consuming experimental designs could generally suffice for the optimization of many fermentation processes.
Assuntos
Bacillus/enzimologia , Bacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glucose/metabolismo , Peptonas/metabolismo , Serina Endopeptidases/biossíntese , Análise de Variância , Bacillus/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Fermentação , Cinética , Modelos Estatísticos , Método de Monte Carlo , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Projetos de Pesquisa/estatística & dados numéricos , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Especificidade da Espécie , Tirosina/metabolismoRESUMO
Cephalosporium acremonium ATCC 48272 cells were immobilized on various adsorbents and in various entrapment matrices. The influence of the incubation period, the best immobilization technique and the optimum concentrations of the selected matrices were investigated. From the results of the repeated batch fermentation in shake flasks, a good level of antibiotic was maintained for a period of about 19 days using 4% calcium alginate and 1% glass wool as entrapment and adsorbent supports, respectively.
Assuntos
Acremonium/metabolismo , Cefalosporinas/biossíntese , Adsorção , Cefalosporinas/metabolismoRESUMO
A new strain of Bacillus sp., Bacillus PE-11 isolated and identified in our laboratory was found to be a potential producer of alkaline proteinase. The production of proteinase was studied in thirteen different reported media to select the optimal production medium. In all the reported media, the medium XII of composition: glucose, 0.2%; peptone, 1.5%; salt solution, 5% (MgSO4. 7H2O, 0.5%; KH2PO4, 0.5%; FeSO4. 7H2O, 0.01%; distilled water make up to 100 ml.) is found to have the highest inducing effect on enzyme production.
Assuntos
Bacillus/enzimologia , Cisteína Endopeptidases/biossíntese , Complexos Multienzimáticos/biossíntese , Bacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Complexo de Endopeptidases do ProteassomaRESUMO
About 359 actinomycetes were isolated from 8 different natural substrates collected from different parts of Andhra Pradesh. The isolates were screened on the basis of their inhibitory effect against test organisms. Finally one potent antibiotic producer was chosen having broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and it was found to produce a diphenyl sulfone antibiotic. On the basis of morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characters, the diphenyl sulfone antibiotic producer was identified as a new species and was designated as S. sulfonensis.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Sulfonas/metabolismo , Parede Celular/química , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologiaRESUMO
A new variety of Chainia olivacea was isolated from marine sediment off Gulf of Mannar. The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characters were studied, compared to known species and identified as a new variety of Chainia olivacea. Antibiotic activity of the strain was tested against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as fungi and yeasts. Sodium chloride tolerance was also tested.
Assuntos
Actinomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Microbiologia da Água , Actinomycetales/química , Actinomycetales/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Oceanos e MaresRESUMO
Actinomycetes (28) were isolated from marine sediments off Madras coast by plating on Starch-Casein Agar medium. After preliminary studies, five isolates which were found to be promising were selected for detailed morphological, cultural, Physiological and biochemical studies. The genera encountered were Streptomycetes. Out of these five isolates, three isolates exhibited very good broad spectrum antibacterial activity. The sodium chloride tolerance of these five isolates was also tested.
Assuntos
Actinomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Actinomycetales/química , Actinomycetales/fisiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Índia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Água do Mar , Cloreto de Sódio/química , Streptomyces/isolamento & purificação , Streptomyces/fisiologiaRESUMO
A new strain of Streptomyces fradiae, isolated and identified in our laboratory, was found to be a potential producer of protease enzyme. An enzyme yield of 285 P.U./ml. was obtained prior to optimization in a synthetic medium containing potato starch, potassium nitrate and trace salts by shake flask method. The carbon and nitrogen compounds play prominent role in the protease production. The maximum enzyme yield of 930 P.U./ml. (about 3-fold increase) was obtained with all optimum parameters such as pH. 7.0, with 3% jowar starch, 0.5% tryptone, 28 degrees C incubation temperature, with 1:20 medium to flask volume ratio and with 48 hrs. inoculum.