[Specific effects of boxing on functional parameters of the locomotor system]. / Boxsportartspezifische Auswirkungen auf funktionelle Parameter des Bewegungsapparats.

PROBLEMS: Boxer that take part on contests regularly are characterized by high strains on the locomotor system. Especially the area of shoulder girdle and neck can be overused by the fighting posture and standard techniques, that are often associated with non-physiological patterns. METHODS: Of 11 young boxers (age 14.6 +/- 0.6 years; 7.3 +/- 0.6 training units per week) and a control group (CG) of 52 male pupils (age 15.4 +/- 0.4 years) the static of head, shoulder girdle, and pelvis was detected by somatoscopy. Additionally, cyclical rotations of the cervical spine were measured using the 3-d-motion recording system CMS70 (Zebris, Germany) and the active range of motion was analysed. RESULTS: In comparison to the CG, head and shoulder of the boxers were ventralised more often (p < 0.01). Furthermore, highly significant group differences in the bilateral position of the shoulder heights and the iliac crests were detected in the frontal plane. On average, the active maximal rotation of the boxers was decreased by 17.8 degrees (p = 0.006; d = 0.800). DISCUSSION: Our study was able to detect significant differences in the analysed functional parameters of the locomotor system that may be explained by boxing specific strains and which are prerequisites of optimal performance. As long-term pathologic effects can not be excluded, adequate compensational exercises should be integrated in the training.

[Synovial hemangioma within Hoffa's fat pad as the cause of anterior knee pain. 2 cases within a family and review of the literature]. / Synovialhämangiom innerhalb des Hoffa'schen Fettkörpers als Ursache für vorderen Knieschmerz. Zwei Fälle innerhalb einer Familie und Literaturüberblick.

An 18 years old man and his younger sister suffered from anterior knee pain. Cause is a soft tissue tumor located within Hoffa's fat pad however in both cases. The tumor has been excised and the histological examination demonstrated the diagnosis synovial hemangioma. A literature search shows that synovial hemangiomas are rare soft tissue tumors. They mainly involve the knee joint. Mean age is the second decade of life and most authors observed severe degenerative changes in the involved knee joint. There are no reports about familiar accumulation within the literature. Familiar accumulation of synovial hemangiomas however have been described for cerebral, skin and hepatic manifestations but not for synovial hemangiomas.

Human glomerular mesangial cells express CD16 and may be stimulated via this receptor.

CD16, a low affinity receptor for IgG, was found on cultured human glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) by Western blot analysis, cell ELISA and in situ hybridization. To characterize the molecule in more detail, reverse polymerase chain reaction was performed and the PCR products were analyzed. From sequence analysis and from hybridization experiments with oligonucleotides specific for either the transmembrane form or the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored form it was found that GMC-CD16 was similar to NK-CD16. This indicates that GMC express the transmembrane form of CD16. Comparison between nonstimulated GMC and GMC stimulated by aggregated gammaglobulin revealed no qualitative or quantitative difference in the expression of CD16. Incubation of GMC with aggregated gammaglobulin or with monoclonal antibodies to CD16 was followed by a time and dose dependent release of interleukin-6, suggesting that signals were transmitted by CD16. The occupancy of CD16 by immune complexes that may be deposited in various forms of glomerulonephritis might contribute to the perpetuation of inflammatory processes in the kidney.