Empirically supported treatments: will this movement in the field of psychology impact the practice of psychosocial oncology?

This article discusses the likelihood of the empirically supported treatment (EST) movement impacting the practice of psychosocial oncology, with the goal of raising awareness of these issues and encouraging debate within the psychosocial oncology research and practice community. In 1993, the American Psychological Association struck a task force to develop criteria for empirically evaluating psychological interventions. The Clinical Psychology (Division 12) Task Force now evaluates psychological interventions and publishes an updated list of ESTs on a yearly basis. Concerns raised about the EST movement in psychology have included difficulties with the terminology and process of the Task Force, problems with the methodology used in psychotherapy research, and with the possible practical implications of the Task Force list of EST. A review of the literature suggests that psychosocial interventions in oncology are currently beginning to be evaluated by the EST criteria and that the reviewed interventions have yet to attain EST status. Following from this review, it is argued that researchers and practitioners in psychosocial oncology should become aware of the standards established by the Division 12 Task Force and that future psycho-oncology intervention research may need to be designed to meet those standards. The discipline of psychosocial oncology is encouraged to consider the possible implications of accepting or not accepting the EST criteria.

Awareness and fear of violence among medical and social work students.

BACKGROUND: As violence escalates in US society, so does its presence as an issue in the lives of patients and as a cause of presenting problems. This study compared the training of medical and social work students in how to deal with violence and personal experience with workplace violence. METHODS: One hundred medical students and 100 social work students in the same state university system were surveyed about their awareness, experience, and fear of patient violence; their classroom training about violence in the lives of patients; and training in management of patient violence toward professionals. RESULTS: Forty-six medical students and 78 social work students responded. Medical students were found to experience more violence than social work students (80% versus 44% were aware of violence in the workplace; 9% versus 6% had been physically assaulted). However, social work students had received more training than medical students about ways to manage patient violence (31% versus 23% trained in verbal de-escalation of violence). CONCLUSIONS: Violence education should be developed with focus on the prevention of work-related violence for both professional groups.