RESUMO
Asian nations have long used edible fungi as food and medicine. Polysaccharides are among the main building units of the cell walls of fungi. Fungal polysaccharides have been documented in the medicinal and industrial sectors as products with a vast array of various biological activities and applications such as antitumor, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulation, and antiviral activities, etc. The goal of this review is to give insights into the various biological activities of mushroom polysaccharides and their potential as a medicine for human health. The extraction, purity, and structural analysis of fungal polysaccharides were also reviewed in this work. Also, future prospective, and challenges for fungal polysaccharides in pharmaceutical applications can be found in this review. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource in exploring the therapeutic potential and applications of fungal polysaccharides. By building upon the existing knowledge base and addressing critical research gaps, researchers can find new opportunities for utilizing fungal polysaccharides as valuable therapeutic agents and functional ingredients in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and biotechnology.
Assuntos
Polissacarídeos Fúngicos , Animais , Humanos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/química , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/uso terapêutico , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Valor Nutritivo , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are important bioproducts produced by some genera of lactic acid bacteria. EPS are famous for their shelf-life improving properties, techno-functional enhancing abilities in food and dairy industries, besides their beneficial health effects. Furthermore, exopolysaccharides have many prospective and well-established contributions in the field of drugs and diagnostic industry. In this review, classification of EPS produced by LAB was presented. Moreover, current and potential applications of EPS in food, dairy, baking industries, cereal-based, and functional products were described. Also, some clinical and pharmaceutical applications of EPS such as intelligent drug delivery systems (microsystems and nanosystems for sustained delivery), interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs), anticancer drug-targeting, recombinant macromolecular biopharmaceuticals, gene delivery, tissue engineering, and role of EPS in diagnostics were highlighted. Finally, future prospects concerning enhancing EPS production, minimizing costs of their production, and exploring their contribution in further applications were discussed.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Preparações de Ação Retardada/uso terapêutico , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Anticolesterolemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Preparações de Ação Retardada/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada/isolamento & purificação , Alimentos Fermentados/microbiologia , Tecnologia de Alimentos/métodos , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Humanos , Lactobacillaceae/química , Lactobacillaceae/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Probióticos/isolamento & purificação , Engenharia Tecidual/métodosRESUMO
A Streptomyces strain was isolated from soil and the sequence of 1471 nucleotides of its 16S rDNA showed 99% identity to Streptomyces sp. HV10. This newly isolated Streptomyces strain produced an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) composed mainly of glucose and mannose in a ratio of 1:4.1, as was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), HPLC and ¹H-NMR. The antioxidant activities of the partially purified MOE6-EPS were determined by measuring the hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity and the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In addition, the partially purified MOE6-EPS showed high ferrous ion (Fe2+) chelation activity which is another antioxidant activity. Interestingly, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays that were colorimetric assays for NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductases and a proxy of the number of viable cells, showed that the partially purified MOE6-EPS inhibited the proliferation of the human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The scratch wound assay showed that MOE6-EPS reduced the migration of mouse breast cancer cells (4T1). This study reports the production of EPS from Streptomyces species with promising antioxidant, metal chelating and mammalian cell inhibitory activities.
Assuntos
Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/farmacologia , Streptomyces/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Humanos , Radical Hidroxila/antagonistas & inibidores , Radical Hidroxila/química , Quelantes de Ferro/química , Quelantes de Ferro/isolamento & purificação , Quelantes de Ferro/farmacologia , Camundongos , Filogenia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/química , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Streptomyces/classificação , Streptomyces/genéticaRESUMO
Streptomyces sp. strain MOE7 is a Gram-positive filamentous bacterium isolated from agricultural soil in Columbia, Missouri, USA. Strain MOE7 produces an extracellular polysaccharide with antioxidant and antitumor activities. Through PacBio RSII sequencing, the MOE7 genome was found to be a linear chromosome of 8,399,509 bp with 6,782 protein-coding sequences.
