RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients but has a significant failure rate. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of mortality in ESRD patients. Atherosclerosis of the peripheral vessels may contribute to poor maturation of AVF leading to the exploration of the ASCVD score as a prognostic tool for AVF failure. METHODS: This study included 110 hemodialysis patients with AVFs and aimed to examine the association between ASCVD score and AVF failure. Participants were categorized into the presence of vascular access failure (N=12) and absence of vascular access failure (N=98), and demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: The study comprised predominantly male patients (63.6%), with a notable prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Twelve patients experienced AVF failure, with pseudoaneurysms and thrombosis being the predominant causes. The ASCVD risk group at intermediate and high stages exhibited a statistically significant risk (relative risk (RR)=1.403; 95% CI, 1.041-1.904) of AVF failure in comparison to the low and borderline ASCVD risk groups. There was no association of age, gender (male and female), body mass index (BMI), serum calcium, serum phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and serum albumin with AVF failure. CONCLUSION: The ASCVD score emerges as a potential prognostic tool to identify dialysis patients at high risk of AVF failure, suggesting avenues for targeted interventions and improved patient care. However, limitations of the ASCVD risk estimator and study limitations, such as small sample size and absence of mortality data, warrant cautious interpretation and necessitate further exploration in larger patient populations.
RESUMO
Pachydermoperiostosis, also known as Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome, is an uncommon hereditary condition. This condition includes skin thickening (pachydermia), abnormalities of the bones (periostosis), and digital clubbing (acropachy). We present a case of complete pachydermoperiostosis who presented with end-stage kidney disease. Chronic tubulointerstitial disease secondary to long-term analgesics and complementary and alternative medications was considered the likely etiology for renal dysfunction. The patient underwent serial hemodialysis followed by arteriovenous fistula surgery. In view of significant synovial inflammation, he was also given a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare condition, and although there is no therapy for the condition itself, medicinal or surgical interventions can effectively control its secondary effects.
RESUMO
Vascular calcification is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The aim of the study was to assess the abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in predialysis CKD patients and patients on hemodialysis (HD) and to study the risk factors associated with it. In this prospective study, 205 patients were including 104 patients with predialysis CKD and 101 patients were on maintenance hemodialysis. AAC was assessed using lateral lumbar radiography. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and total cholesterol were analyzed. AAC was observed in 26 % of predialysis CKD patients and 34% in HD patients. Using multivariate analysis, the age (P = 0.001) was identified as independent predictor for the presence of AAC in predialysis patients, and for HD, the predictors were age (P = 0.025), time on dialysis (P = 0.001), hsCRP (P = 0.002), and corrected calcium (P = 0.030). In conclusion, the prevalence of AAC varies mainly with age and glomerular filtration rate levels in predialysis CKD patients. Advanced age, time on dialysis, and inflammation may be associated with presence and extent of AAC in HD patients. Further research into the risk factors and outcome for AAC is warranted.
