Ocular relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (M4) with normal bone marrow.

A patient with the rare occurrence of ocular relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M4 while the bone marrow was normal is reported in this paper. A 47-year-old woman with AML was treated with chemotherapy and went successfully into remission. Four months later, she presented with pain, redness, and a mass over the left eye. The ocular relapse involved the subconjunctival space and anterior chamber of the left eye and, presumably, the left lacrimal gland. There were also multiple subcutaneous nodules on both of her forearms. Incisional biopsy from the subconjunctival lesion was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed diffuse blast cell infiltration. Her bone marrow was still in remission. Although exceedingly rare, ocular extramedullary relapse in AML M4 heralds bone marrow recurrence and, despite intensive chemotherapy, the prognosis is dismal.

Simultaneous conjunctival, uveal, and orbital involvement as the initial sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND: A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with an initial presentation of unilateral simultaneous conjunctival, uveal, and orbital infiltration is reported. CASE: A 9-year-old girl presented with mild proptosis and chemosis and total exudative retinal detachment in the right eye. OBSERVATIONS: B-mode ultrasonography showed diffuse uveal thickening and a retrobulbar mass. Magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated a well-circumscribed peribulbar orbital mass. Incisional biopsy from the conjunctiva and bone marrow sampling established the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia L1 type. CONCLUSION: Blast-cell infiltration of three distinct ocular structures simultaneously in the absence of any peripheral signs is an extremely rare initial manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.