[A Case Report of Monkeypox Disease in an Adolescent]. / Adölesan Bir Olguda Maymun Çiçegi Hastaligi.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is a zoonotic disease characterized by smallpox-like rashes. It is endemic in Central and West Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease as an epidemic due to a significant increase in the number of reported cases, starting from Europe and spreading to other regions, particularly in certain areas, in May 2022. On July 23, 2022, it was recognized as a public health problem of international importance. Our country has also been affected by this epidemic, and the official number of reported cases is twelve. In this case report, an adolescent case diagnosed with MPXV infection was presented. A 17-year-old male patient admitted with the complaints of sores around the mouth and genital area, fever and headache. The patient had a history of sexual contact with three different males in the last six months. Honey-colored crusted papules and plaques were observed in the perioral area, as well as crusted papules on the penile and gluteal areas. Ulcerative sores were present in the oral cavity. Laboratory tests for sexually transmitted diseases confirmed the patient's HIV-positive status and MPXV infection through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing. Antiviral treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was initiated after the HIV RNA level resulted in 263000 copies/mL. Additionally, a glycopeptide was added to the treatment regimen when methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus growth was detected in the swab culture taken from the wounds on the patient's face. No specific treatment was administered for MPXV due to the patient's uncomplicated clinical course and overall well-being. This case report aims to raise awareness about monkeypox disease in children by highlighting the clinical findings and potential risk factors.

The Role of Adenovirus in Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology Among Children in Turkey, July 2022 to January 2023.

BACKGROUND: In the first half of 2022, the increase in cases of severe acute hepatitis in children with no epidemiological link and unknown cause has aroused concern worldwide. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of adenovirus in children with hepatitis of unknown origin in Turkey. METHODS: In this study, which was conducted with the participation of 16 centers from Turkey, between July 2022 and January 2023, 36 pediatric patients under the age of 18 who met the definition of acute hepatitis were included. RESULTS: Twenty (55,6%) of patients were female and 16 (44,4%) were male, with a mean age of 41.55 ± 39.22 (3-192) months. The most common symptoms were fever (66.7%), weakness (66.7%), loss of appetite (66.7%), fatigue (61.1%), vomiting (61.1%), and diarrhea (47.2%). Six (16 %) children had acute hepatic failure. Eight of the 15 children (46%) had respiratory viral infections (rhinovirus/enterovirus, n = 4; rhinovirus + parainfluenza, n = 1; parainfluenza, n = 1, SARS-CoV-2 n = 2). Adenovirus was detected in 16 (44%) patients. Adenovirus and coinfections were detected in 7 patients. History of diarrhea and fatigue in the last month was significantly higher in the adenovirus group ( P = 0.023 and 0.018). One child who had both adenovirus and rhinovirus infection required liver transplantation; all others recovered with supportive care. CONCLUSION: There were no deaths in our series; however, the number of cases, etiology, and severity of the clinical course may have differed between countries owing to differences in case definitions, laboratory facilities, or regional genetic differences.

The effects of measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic on the seasonal dynamics of respiratory viruses in children.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the effects of public health measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory viruses. METHODS: The study was conducted between February 1, 2021 and December 1, 2022. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years hospitalized for infectious diseases were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory viruses by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: Of the total 1173 patients, 56.2% were male and 43.8% were female, and 47.5% of the patients were under 24 months of age. The viruses detected were SARS-CoV-2 31.9%, human rhinovirus/enterovirus 19.4%, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 9.3%, parainfluenza virus 7%, adenovirus 6%, seasonal coronavirus 5.2%, bocavirus 3.8%, influenza 3.1%, and metapneumovirus 2.8%. Among the patients, 386 were hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections, 238 with upper respiratory tract infections, 202 to evaluate fever etiology, 111 with acute gastroenteritis and 236 with other diagnoses. Of these patients, 113 were admitted to the intensive care unit. Intensive care unit admission rates were statistically significantly higher for bocavirus and RSV, in those hospitalized between July 1, 2021 and July 1, 2022 (first period when schools were held full-time face-toface at all grades) and in children aged 1-24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Public health measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the seasonal distribution of respiratory viruses and the severity of illness in children.