Predicting inorganic dimensionality in templated metal oxides.

Amine-templated metal oxides are a class of hybrid organic-inorganic compounds with great structural diversity; by varying the compositions, 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D inorganic dimensionalities can be achieved. In this work, we created a dataset of 3725 amine-templated metal oxides (including some metalloid oxides), their composition, amine identity, and dimensionality, extracted from the Cambridge Structure Database (CSD), which spans 71 elements, 25 main group building units, and 349 amines. We characterize the diversity of this dataset over reactants and in time. Artificial neural network models trained on this dataset can predict the most and least probable outcome dimensionalities with 71% and 95% accuracies, respectively, using only information about reactant identities, without stoichiometric information. Surprisingly, the amine identity plays only a minor role in most cases, as omitting this information only reduces the accuracy by <2%. The generality of this model is demonstrated on a time held-out test set of 36 amine-templated lanthanide oxalates, vanadium tellurites, vanadium selenites, vanadates, molybdates, and molybdenum sulfates, whose syntheses and structural characterizations are reported here for the first time, and which contain two new element combinations and four amines that are not present in the CSD.

Correlates of everyday choice and support-related choice for 8,892 randomly sampled adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in 19 states.

This article examines everyday choices made by 8,892 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and support-related choices made by 6,179 adults with IDD receiving services from 19 state developmental disabilities program agencies that participated in the 2008-2009 National Core Indicators Project. Controlling for physical and sensory impairment, age, behavioral support, communication, and state, people in residential settings with 16 or more people had less everyday choice than those in other living arrangements. People with mild and moderate IDD had more control over everyday choices when living in their own homes, whereas people with severe and profound IDD had more control when living in agency homes of 3 or fewer residents. For people of all levels of IDD, institutional settings of 16 or more residents offered the lowest levels of everyday choice. Controlling for the same covariates, individuals with all levels of IDD living in their own homes had significantly more support-related choices than those in any other residential arrangement. Controlling for individual and residential setting characteristics, the state in which sample members lived was notably predictive of support-related choice. Overall, the tested variables accounted for 44% of the variability in everyday choice and 31% in support-related choice.

Place of residence and preventive health care for intellectual and developmental disabilities services recipients in 20 states.

OBJECTIVE: We identified trends in the receipt of preventive health care by adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities by type of residential setting. METHODS: We used data from the 2008-2009 collection round of the National Core Indicators (NCI) program. Participating states drew random samples of adults receiving developmental disabilities services. The study was observational, with both self-report and report by proxy. Once the random samples were drawn in each state, data were collected using the NCI Adult Consumer Survey. Trained interviewers administered the survey in person. RESULTS: The likelihood of a person receiving preventive care procedures was related to age, level of intellectual disability, mobility, health status, and state. Type of living arrangement also affected whether a person received these health services, even after controlling for state, level of disability, and other personal characteristics. In general, people living with parents or relatives were consistently the least likely to receive preventive health exams and procedures. CONCLUSION: With growing numbers of adults being served in the family home, educational and policy-based efforts to ensure access to preventive care are increasingly critical.

Demographic characteristics, health conditions, and residential service use in adults with Down syndrome in 25 U.S. states.

This study describes service users with Down syndrome (N = 1,199) and a comparative sample with intellectual and developmental disabilities but not Down syndrome (N = 11,182), drawn from National Core Indicator surveys of adult service users in 25 U.S. states. Individuals with Down syndrome were younger than were individuals without Down syndrome. Men with Down syndrome were older than women with Down syndrome, whereas the reverse was true of the individuals without Down syndrome. Most (68%) people with Down syndrome had mild or moderate intellectual disability. The prevalence of vision impairment, hearing impairment, and physical disability increased with age. Adults with Down syndrome were more likely to have Alzheimer's dementia, have a hearing impairment, or be overweight, but they were less likely to have a physical disability than those without Down syndrome. Adults with Down syndrome were less likely to live in institutions or their own home, but they more likely to live in a family member's home. The results of a logistic regression showed that participants were more likely to be reported to be overweight if they had Down syndrome, were female, and were physically inactive, but they were less likely to be reported to be overweight if they were older, had more severe intellectual disability, had cerebral palsy, or were not independently mobile.

Overweight and obesity among adults with intellectual disabilities who use intellectual disability/developmental disability services in 20 U.S. States.

The authors compare the prevalence of obesity for National Core Indicators (NCI) survey participants with intellectual disability and the general U.S. adult population. In general, adults with intellectual disability did not differ from the general population in prevalence of obesity. For obesity and overweight combined, prevalence was lower for males with intellectual disability than for the general population but similar for women. There was higher prevalence of obesity among women with intellectual disability, individuals with Down syndrome, and people with milder intellectual disability. Obesity prevalence differed by living arrangement, with institutional residents having the lowest prevalence and people living in their own home the highest. When level of intellectual disability was taken into account, these differences were reduced, but some remained significant, especially for individuals with milder disability.

Individuals with Intellectual disabilities and augmentative and alternative communication: Analysis of survey data on uptake of aided AAC, and loneliness experiences.

This study describes uptake of augmentative and alternative communication systems by adults with intellectual disabilities; their ability to self-report at interview; differences in self-reported loneliness experiences by communication mode; and predictors of loneliness. We analyzed National Core Indicators data from 26 US states involving over 13,000 service users grouped by primary means of expression: natural speech, gestures/body language, manual signs, or communication aid/device (aided AAC). Uptake of aided AAC was low; only 0.8% of participants used aided AAC as their primary means of expression. Valid interview responding was higher in turn for participants communicating with natural speech, aided AAC, and other modes. Almost half the participants were lonely, but loneliness did not differ by communication mode used; social contact and social climate variables predicted loneliness. Individuals who used aided AAC communicated more effectively than users of other non-speech modes, supporting more widespread use of aided AAC. Loneliness was prevalent but aided AAC users were not lonelier. Interventions to reduce loneliness are discussed.