Genetic variations in four geographical isolates of Gohieria fusca based on cytochrome b and internal transcribed spacer genes / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of different geographical isolates of Gohieria fusca.. Methods G. fusca isolates were sampled from Wuhu (WH), Bengbu (BB) and Bozhou cities (BZ) of Anhui Province and Jiaxing City of Zhejiang Province (JX). Mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes were amplified in WH, BB, BZ and JX isolates of G. fusca using PCR assay. The gene sequences were edited and aligned using the software Chromas 2 and DNASTAR 1.00, and the haplotype, haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide polymorphism (Pi) of each isolate were calculated using the software DnaSP 5.10.00. The genetic differentiation among isolates (Fst) and gene flow value (Nm) were estimated using the software MEGA 10.2, and a phylogenetic tree was built. Tests of neutrality and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were performed using the software Arlequin 3.1 and a haplotype network was built based on the Median-Joining network using the software Network 10.2. Results PCR assay showed that the sizes of the Cytb and ITS genes were 372 bp and 1 301 to 1 320 bp, respectively. All four isolates of G. fusca presented high genetic diversity based on mitochondrial Cytb and ITS genes (Hd = 0.804, Pi = 0.006 91). AMOVA showed genetic differentiation among geographical isolates of G. fusca (Fst = 0.202 40, P < 0.05), and the genetic variation was mainly caused by intra-population variations (79.76%). Gene flow analysis showed a high level of gene flow among G. fusca isolates (Nm > 1). Tests of neutrality based on Cytb gene measured a Tajima’s D value of −1.796 31 (P < 0.05) and a Fu’s FS value of −3.293 98 (P < 0.05) in WH isolate of G. fusca, indicating population expansion in WH isolate of G. fusca. Haplotype network analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed no remarkable geographical distribution pattern among different geographical isolates of G. fusca. All four isolates of G. fusca presented high genetic diversity (Hd = 0.985, Pi = 0.011 97). AMOVA showed moderate level of genetic differentiation between four isolates (Fst = 0.104 62, P < 0.05). The tests of neutrality based on ITS genes measured a Tajima’s D value of −6.088 20 and a Fu’s FS value of −1.935 99 (both P > 0.05) in the whole isolate of G. fusca, indicating no obviously population expansion. Conclusions The four geographical isolates of G. fusca have high genetic diversity and remarkable genetic differentiation. Since a high level of gene flow is detected among different geographical isolates of G. fusca, no obvious geographical distribution pattern of G. fusca is found.

Epidemic and clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in southern Anhui Province / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze and study the epidemic and clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Southern Anhui Province during 2010-2020. Methods The epidemiological and clinical data of HFRS patients hospitalized in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College from 2010 to 2020 were collected and statistically analyzed. Results The temporal distribution of HFRS epidemic in Southern Anhui Province showed that HFRS were more frequent during spring and summer, and HFRS morbidity was highest in June. The population distribution characteristics showed that the ratio of male to female patients was 4.7:1. The main age group of patients was 40-50 years old (50 cases, 33.8%), and a majority of patients were farmers (87 cases, 58.78). Analysis of clinical characteristics showed that fever, backache, anorexia and hypodynamia, diarrhea, emesis and headache were the main frequent symptoms of HFRS patients, and 88.52% of HFRS patients were cured or improved. Conclusion The high incidence period of HFRS is spring and summer in Southern Anhui Province from 2010-2020. HFRS patients in Southern Anhui Province have typical clinical symptoms and good prognosis.

Investigation on the endemic characteristics of Metorchis orientalis in Huainan area, China / Investigación sobre las características endémicas de Metorchis orientalis en Huainan, China

Objective: To investigate the endemic characteristics of Metorchis orientalis (M. orientalis) in the Huainan area, Anhui province, China. Methods: The first-intermediate host, second-intermediate host and reservoir hosts were collected, and the endemic characteristics of M. orientalis were examined through field investigation and artificial infection. Results: Investigation was completed in 89 domestic ducks, 156 domestic chicken, 41 domestic geese, 20 domestic cats and 19 dogs. The infection rate of M. orientalis was 18.0% (16/89) in ducks, 12.2% (19/156) in chicken, 9. 8% (4/41) in geese, 5.0% (1/20) in cats and 5.3% (1/19) in dogs. Sixty-seven cercariae of M. orientalis were identified in 1,000 Parafossarulus striatulus, with a natural infection rate of 6.7%, and 19 cercariae occurred in 300 Pseudorasbora parva, with a natural infection rate of 6.33%. The activity of the cercariae of M. orientalis was associated with light intensity and temperature. The full life cycle of M. orientalis ranged from 120 to 140 days; it occurred approximately in 89 days in snails, 28 days in fish and 20 days in ducks. Conclusion: M. orientalis is prevalent in the Huainan area, and it may complete its life cycle in Parafossarulus striatulus, Pseudorasbora parva and natively raised ducks

Objetivo: investigar las características endémicas del Metorchis orientalis (M. orientalis) en el área de Huainan, en la provincia de Anhui, China. Métodos: fueron recogidos el primer huésped intermediario, el segundo huésped intermediario y el reservorio, y se examinaron las características endémicas del M. orientalis a través de investigación de campo e infección artificial. Resultados: la investigación se llevó a cabo en 89 patos domésticos, 156 gallinas domésticas, 41 gansos domésticos, 20 perros y 19 gatos domésticos. La tasa de infección del M. orientalis fue del 18,0% (16/89) en patos, 12,2% (19/156) en pollos, 9,8% (4/41) en gansos, 5,0% (1/20) en gatos y 5,3% (1/19) en perros. Sesenta y siete cercarias de M. orientalis fueron identificadas en 1.000 Parafossarulus striatulus, con una tasa de infección natural del 6,7%, y 19 en 300 Pseudorasbora parva, con una tasa de infección natural del 6,33%. La actividad de las cercarias de M. orientalis se asoció con la intensidad de la luz y la temperatura. El ciclo de vida completo del M. orientalis osciló entre 120 y 140 días, y se produjo aproximadamente en 89 días en caracoles, 28 días en peces y 20 días en patos. Conclusión: el M. orientalis es prevalente en el área de Huainan, y puede completar su ciclo de vida en Parafossarulus striatulus, Pseudorasbora parva y patos autóctonos (AU)

Optimization and comparison of extraction methods of mitochondrial DNA of Oncomelania hupensis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To optimize the extraction methods of mitochondrial genome DNA(mtDNA)of Oncomelania hupen-sis. Methods The pyrolysis,protein K variable-temperature digestion and high-concentration potassium acetate purification were applied to optimize the high-concentration-salt precipitation method,and then the optimized method was compared with two common extraction methods,the sucrose density gradient centrifugation method and traditional high-concentration-salt pre-cipitation method. The mtDNA samples were identified by using spectrophotometry,agarose gel electrophoresis and the amplifi-cation products of COX1. The nuclear DNA contamination was tested by the amplification products of ITS. Results The concen-tration and yield of the improved method was significantly higher than those of the traditional method(F=3032.65,10185.00, both P<0.01). The mtDNA samples extracted were essentially free of nuclear DNA and protein,meeting PCR,sequence analy-sis and other molecular biology research requirements. Conclusions The improved high-concentration-salt precipitation meth-od for isolating mtDNA is simple,and it has high yield and low cost. The extracted mtDNA can meet relevant analysis require-ments.

Comparison of three different methods for isolating RNA from Oncomela-nia hupensis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of Oncomelania hupensis RNA extraction methods,namely a modified SDS method,TRIzol reagent method,and CTAB method,so as to obtain an economical and efficient method for RNA extraction from O. hupensis. Methods The modified SDS method,TRIzol reagent method and CTAB method were applied to ex-tract the RNA from O. hupensis. A nucleic acid protein analyzer was used to measure the concentration and purity of RNA. The yields were calculated by the concentration of the products. The purity was indicated by A260/A280 and A260/A230. The quality of RNA was inspected by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The β-acting gene was selected as the target gene for RT-PCR analysis. Re-sults The RNA yields obtained by using the three kinds of extraction methods were significantly different(F = 16895.85,P <0.01)according to the analysis of variance. The LSD test showed that the yields obtained by using the modified SDS method were the highest,and those obtained by the CTAB method were the lowest. The purity of RNA extracted by the CTAB method was su-perior to that by the other two methods,and the A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios of the CTAB method were in the range from 1.8-2.0 and 2.0-2.2. The A260/A230 ratios of the other two methods were both lower than 2.0. The RNA extracted by the modified SDS meth-od had the better integrity. The electrophoresis results showed that the 28S rRNA band,18S rRNA band and 5S rRNA band were clear,and there was no obvious smear between each band. The RNA obtained by the TRIzol reagent method had no 28S rRNA band,and that obtained by the CTAB method had no 28S rRNA and 5S rRNA bands. The β-acting gene of the RNA ex-tracted by all the three methods could be amplified by RT-PCR. The costs and time-consuming of the modified SDS method were less than those of the other two methods. Conclusion The modified SDS method is an economic and efficient method,and it is suitable for extracting the RNA of O. hupensis,especially for large sample preparation.

Population dynamics and spatial distribution pattern of Aleuroglyphus ova-tus / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To characterize the population dynamics and spatial distribution of Aleuroglyphus ovatus in the flour warehouse,so as to provide the basic evidence for improving the sampling guidelines that are essential for effective pest monitor?ing and management. Methods The samples from flour warehouses of four localities were collected,examined and counted for A. ovatus in every month in Wuhu City. The dispersion pattern target,Iwao m*/-x regression analysis and Taylor power method were used for analyzing the spatial distribution pattern of A. ovatus in the flour warehouses. Results The peaks of population dynamics of A. ovatus were discovered in July and September,respectively. The indexes of dispersion were as follows:I>0, CA>0,m*/-x >1. At the same time,the parameters in the equation of Iwao:m*=5.471+1.022-x (r=0.999)and Taylor:lgS2=0.697+1.111 lg-x (r=0.987)showed that the spatial distribution pattern of A. ovatus was assembled. Conclusion The peaks of population dynamics of A. ovatus in the flour warehouse are bimodal pattern ,and the spatial distribution pattern of A. ovatus is assembled.

Tyrophagus palmarum and its hypopus found in feed of Tenebrio molitor / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To observe the Tyrophagus palmarum and its hypopus in feed of Tenebrio molitor. Methods Feed samples were collected from T. molitor farms,and T. palmarum and its hypopus were separated from the samples by the vibra?tion sieve method and floating method. The glass specimens were prepared and T. palmarum and its hypopus were observed un?der an optical microscope. Results Under the light microscope,the skin of T. palmarum was smooth and bright,the color of legs and chelicerae was relatively dark,the length of dorsal seta d2 was 3?4 times longer than d1 and la;Theω1 in tarsus of legⅠ,Ⅱwas short rod,and its top was not tapered;the sucker plate in tarsus of legⅣlocated in the middle of the section. The hypopus was oblate,and there were two pairs of legs in front which extended to body. The rear end of hypopus became pointless and round,wrapping around a transparent and ossification skin. Conclusion Light microscopy shows the morphological charac?teristics of T. palmarum and its dormant body,providing the basis for identifying the hypopus.

Composition and diversity of Acaroid mites’communities in indoor environ-ments of kindergartens in Wuhu City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the breeding situation of Acaroid mites in indoor environments of kindergartens in Wuhu City so as to provide the evidence for its prevention and control. Methods From March to June and September to De?cember in 2014 dust samples were collected from 15 kindergartens of 3 ranks every month. Acaroid mites in the samples were isolated identified and counted. Results Totally 360 samples were selected and 169 samples 46.94% had mite infestation. Pyroglyphidae accounted for the most in the population with the breeding rate of 45.00%. Totally 18 504 mites were found and Dermatophagoides farina and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were the dominant species with the composition ratios of 30.21%5 590 mites and 17.83% 3 300 mites respectively. The third?ranked kindergartens were in the most serious situation con?cerning with 81.67% 98/120 of the breeding rate of Acaroid mites. The differences were statistically significant among the kin?dergartens with different ranks F=6.048 χ2=73.523 both P0.05 . Conclusion Acaroid mites in the kindergartens in Wuhu City were in serious condition and the population and species composition of Acaroid mite community is influenced by the human behavior and indoors environments.

Zoonotic trematode species identified in domestic animals from Huainan area / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the zoonotic trematode species identified in domestic animals from Huainan area,An-hui Province,so as to supply the evidence for the prevention of zoonoses. Methods The livestock/definitive hosts were commer-cially available on category basis,and sacrificed for obtaining the parasitic samples via dissecting the viscera. The specimens were microscopically identified,with reference to the descriptions in the previous literature. Results By identification,sorting and classification,41 species of internal trematodes were found so far in the domestic animals fed in Huainan areas,in which 23 spe-cies were zoonotic trematodes and 18 were internally parasitic in livestock,belonging to 4 orders,12 families and 21 genera,and occurred in 9 definitive hosts including chicken,ducks,geese,pigs,cattle,buffaloes,sheep,goats and dogs,respectively. Con-clusion The findings suggest that the zoonotic trematodes belong to many kinds and prevalent in the domestic animals in Huainan areas,and such prevalence should call for high attention since it is urgent risk factors for zoonoses in this geographic area.

Progress of research On genetic markers of Oncomelania hupensis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

With the progress of the genetics and the molecular biology and biotechnology,the development of genetic markers of Oncomelania hupensis also has gone through the course from indirect methods to direct methods and from sketchy results to precise results.The paper reviews the progress of research on genetic markers of O.hupensis.

Investigation of Lepisma Breeding in Libraries of Universities / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To investigate the species and ecosystem of lepisma breeding in libraries of universities.Methods The lepisma samples were collected from the libraries of universities in Anhui by trapping bottle and chemical stimulating and the life cycle and the biocycle were observed meanwhile,from June 2005 to June 2007.Results 38 libraries were examined and 3 748 lepismas were gathered,belonging to 1 family 1 genus and 4 species.The first activity peak appeared in May,and the second in October.Lepismas were active from 20:00 to 5:00.The activity peak appeared at 24:00.This was identical with the living habits of their hiding by day and coming out at night.Conclusion The lepisma pollution in libraries of universities is serious in Anhui province and the Ctenolepisma villosa is the dominant species.

Survey on Natural Nidus of Metorchis orientalis in Huaihe River Basin / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Parafossarulus striatulus, Pseudorasbora parva and brood ducks are involved in the lifecycle of Metorchis orientalis. Natural nidi of M.orientalis are confirmed in Huaihe River Basin.