[Experimental study on impact of salmon milt DNA on T-cellular immunity].

The impact of a biologically active food supplement containing salmon milt DNA on cellular immunity was experimentally studied. It was shown that the DNA had a dose-dependent stimulating effect on lymphocyte transformation, stimulated the DTH response and protected from experimental listeriosis infection.

[Experimental morphological study of the therapeutic effect of shark cartilage preparation in a model of infective allergic arthritis].

The therapeutic effect of a Polar shark cartilage preparation which is an enzymatic hydrolysate was studied in a rabbit model of infective allergic pseudotuberculous arthritis. Characterization of the chemical composition of the preparation designed by an original method is presented. Improvement of the general state of the affected joints and development of tissue immunomorphological responses were shown.

[Experimental study on the effect of low molecular DNA from salmon milt in pseudotuberculosis infection]. / Izuchenie deistviia nizkomolekuliarnoi DNK iz molok lososevykh ryb pri psevdotuberkuleznoi infektsii v éksperimente.

The effect of low molecular DNA from salmon milt (nDNA) in experimental pseudotuberculosis in mice was studied. When nDNA was admiministered orally, dissemination of the organs by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis lowered and the survival of the animals infected with 100-percent lethal dose of the bacteria increased. nDNA decreased contamination of the epithelial cells by the microbe in vitro and prevented the lethal effect of the Y. pseudotuberculosis toxins on the mice.

[Activity of proteolytic and nucleolytic enzymes from the gonades of hydrobionts]. / Aktivnost' proteoliticheskikh i nukleoliticheskikh fermentov v gonadakh gidrobiontov.

The activity of nucleolytic and proteolytic enzymes in milt of nine kinds of fishes belonging to various families and of three kinds invertebrates is determined. There is carried out electrophoreses division of preparations DNA, received from milts by various methods; there are determined structure and molecular weights of oligonucleotides. The influence of activity tissue enzymes on a destruction degree of DNA is established at addition enzymes of exogenic origin.

[Use of immunomodulators isolated from marine invertebrates for reducing the toxic effects of thermostable toxin and lipopolysaccharides from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on a macroorganism]. / Ispol'zovanie immunomoduliatorov iz morskikh bespozvonochnykh dlia snizheniia toksicheskogo deistviia termostabil'nogo toksina i lipopolisakkharidov Yersinia pseudotuberculosis na makroorganizm.

The possibility to use immunomodulators isolated from marine invertebrates for the lowering of the toxic effects caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis thermoresistant toxin and lipopolysaccharide was investigated. Effects were evaluated by the animals survival rate in per cent and mice average lifetime after toxin lethal dose injection. It was shown that polypeptide gangleen when compared to timalin as well as glycanes mitilane and strombus had dose-dependent protective effect. These substances increased animals survival rate to 15-17 per cent and prolonged life period for about two times when compared to control group. These results demonstrates the possibility to use investigated immunomodulators is clinical practice at the treatment of the patients with pseudotuberculosis.

[Effect of peptide immunomodulator gangleen on the activity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis thermostable toxin in oxidant and antioxidant systems of human leukocytes]. / Korrektsiia vozdeistviia termostabil'nogo toksina Yersinia pseudotuberculosis na okislitel'nuiu i antiokislitel'nuiu sistemy leikotsitov krovi cheloveka immunomoduliatorom peptidnoi prirody gangliinom.

The ability to correct activity of Y. pseudotuberculosis thermoresistant toxin on antioxidative enzymes and on active oxygen forms in neurophiles and mononuclears was investigated. Toxin at concentration 0.5 and 2.5 mcg/ml did not change O2- production and activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GP), but significantly enhanced catalase and glutathiont reductase (GR) activity. Gangleen at concentration 0.0002-0.2 mcg/ml, when added to incubation medium with toxin, stimulated production of active oxygen forms and activity of SOD, catalase, GP in both types of leucocytes, but decreased activity of GR in mononuclears. The results of investigation proves the ability to use gangleen in correction of immune system disorders caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis thermoresistant toxin.

[Effects of biologically-active dietary supplement from marine biology on cholinesterase activity and blood lipid peroxidation in humans]. / Vliianie biologicheski aktivnoi pishchevoi dobavki iz morskikh gidrobiontov na kholinésteraznuiu aktivnost' i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov syvorotki krovi cheloveka.

Influence of dietary supplement Tinrostim-C on cholinesterase (ChE) activity and serum lipids peroxidation (LP) in patients whose work connects with emotional stress was examined. Activity of ChE was measured by Ellman calorimetric method (with acetylthiocholin as substrate), LP--by fluorimetric method with malone dialdehyde. Tinrostim-C was given three times a day in 0.5 g. On the 10th day of taking the preparation an activity of serum ChE increased 23.5% higher and had been staying higher during the whole period of observation. In vitro experiments showed an activating effect of Tinrostim-C and piracetam for serum ChE. The level of LP being initially higher was decreasing to values close to normal and had been staying at decreased level during the whole period of observation.

[The immunotropic properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid from Salmonidae milt]. / Immunotropnye svoistva dezoksiribonukleinovoi kisloty iz molok lososevykh ryb.

The study of the immunotropic action of DNA from salmon milt showed that it increased the antiinfectious resistance of mice to Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, stimulated the antibody response to the thymus-dependent corpuscular antigen (sheep erythrocytes), increased the production of the antibody forming cells (AFC) in the murine spleen and intensified the absorptive and digestive activities of the cells of the mononuclear phagocytes. The immunotropic properties of the DNA permitted to broaden the DNA application spectrum with its supplementing by immunodeficiency of various genesis and diseases with phagocytic protection mechanisms. It is quite possible that the salmon milt DNA be used as a food additive.

[Antiprotease and immunostimulating effect of peptide components isolated from cuticle of the chicken stomach]. / Antiproteaznoe i immunostimuliruiushchee deistvie peptidnykh komponentov, vydelennykh iz kutikuly kurinogo zheludka.

Peptides with molecular weights of 0.8 to 16 kDa were isolated from the keratinous envelope of chicken muscular stomach cuticle. The peptide preparation had a immunostimulating activity whose qualitative and quantitative traits made it comparable with the activity of known drugs of similar composition. In addition, the peptide preparation reversibly inactivated trypsin and activated chymotrypsin. A low-molecular-weight protein (14.1 kDa) was isolated from the peptide preparation by affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose 4B. This protein was found to be a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of trypsin.

[Dietary supplements from ground fish meat with DNA for treatment and prophylaxis]. / Lechebno-profilakticheskie produkty na osnove farsha ryb s DNK.

It has been developed a receipt of a new treatment-and-prophylactic products based on fish farce with treatment-and-prophylactic additive--DNA. It is recommended to be produced. As biological active additive keeps its initial pharmacological characteristics under technological processing this product is recommended for rendering general effect and increasing of physical and mental activity of organism.

[Therapeutic-prophylactic milk products with a new immunocorrector of natural origin]. / Lechebno-profilakticheskie molochnye produkty s novym immunokorrektorom prirodnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Authors had received and investigated on experiment milk medical and prophylactic products (milk and kefir) with addition peptide, obtained from nervous tissue of squids. It has been established that addition of gangliin to the milk and kefir causes stimulation cellular and humoral factors of immunity answer at laboratory animals. Medical and prophylactic milk products with gangliin return to the normal state reduced immunity indexes of the mice with experimental immunodeficits.

[Effectiveness of peroral application of a new immunocorrective agent of natural origin]. / Effektivnost' peroral'nogo primeneniia novogo immunokorrektora prirodnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Data on peroral application of new peptide origin immunocorrector from nervous tissue of hydrobionts are cited. It has been established that immunological gangliin activity, perorally introduced, is close to that being applied parenterally. This drug comprises a soft immunocorrector that is expressed by humoral and cellular factor strengthening of immunity, increasing induces of phagocynosis of PMNC and sells SMPh. Peroral gangliin introduction protects 50-60% of mice from fatal coli-infection. Gangliin availability to be taken perorally opens the door to its wide application as food addition.

[Enzymatic methods of preparation of protein hydrolysates by using proteolytic preparations of varying specificity]. / Fermentativnye sposoby prigotovleniia belkovykh gidrolizatov s ispol'zovaniem proteoliticheskikh preparatov razlichnoi spetsifichnosti.

The optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins different composition and structure (protamin, casein, haemoglobin, fibrin, collagen) were established by using proteolytic enzymatic preparations with different specificity (pancreatin, pilrin, hepatopancreatin). The degree of hydrolysis, molecular and amino acid compositions of proteins were determined.

[Taurine and carnosine in tissues of Pacific mollusks]. / Taurin i karnozin v tkaniakh Tikhookeanskikh molliuskov.

The containing of taurine and carnosine (low-molecular biologically active substances) was studied in tissues of molluscs (Gastropodae, Brahiopodae and Cephalopodae) by 38 species. The highest concentration of taurine found in the octopus and 5 species of shells (Gastropodae). The containing of carnosine in mollusks is highly lower than in bovine muscles. Organoleptic quality of lyophilized water-spirit extracts by soft tissues of molluscs allow to use it as a taurine-enriching food addition.

[The gas trophicity of pathogenic bacteria]. / Gazotrofiia patogennykh bakterii.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Listeria have been shown to be capable of assimilating carbon dioxide from the air and using its carbon for the synthesis of biopolymers of the bacterial cell. These microorganisms, the causative agents of saprozoonotic infections, have also been found to be capable of assimilating molecular nitrogen from the air in small amounts. The data on the influence of the growth conditions of the cultures (hydrogen concentration, the presence of carbon dioxide and oxygen, temperature) on the activity of acetylene reduction by microbial cells. At low temperature molecular nitrogen is fixed by Listeria twice as actively as by Y.pseudotuberculosis. Not all bacterial strains under study have been found to be capable of acetylene reduction. The presence of fixed nitrogen in the medium suppresses the process of the reduction of acetylene into ethylene.

[Different aspects of the substrate specificity of the cholinesterase in the optical ganglia of the Pacific Ocean squid Todarodes pacificus]. / Razlichnye aspekty substratnoi spetsifichnosti kholinésterazy zritel'nykh gangliev tikhookeanskogo kal'mara Todarodes pacificus.

It is the first time when the substrate specificity is considered as a complex phenomenon, taking into account an influence of substrate structure on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis and interaction of cholinesterases with reversible and irreversible inhibitors. Kinetic parameters of hydrolysis of 18 esters, including choline, ammonium and indophenol derivates, are presented, as affected by cholinesterase from optical ganglia of pacific squid Todarodes pacificus, by acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes and by butyrylcholinesterase from horse serum. Some peculiarities of the squid cholinesterase are revealed, which are as follows: a low specificity at a rather high hydrolytic efficiency, the sensitivity towards inhibitory effects of several substrates at high concentrations. Reversible inhibition of the squid enzyme by ammonium inhibitors was dependent on the nature of substrates to a greater extent than that of the other enzymes. The substrate structure also conditioned various aspects of "the protective effect" in the course of irreversible inhibition of the squid cholinesterase by organophosphorous inhibitors.