Perturbative computation of nonlinear harvesting through a path integral approach.

Statistical field theories provide powerful tools to study complex dynamical systems. In this work those tools are used to analyze the dynamics of a kinetic energy harvester, which is modeled by a system of coupled stochastic nonlinear differential equations and driven by colored noise. Using the Martin-Siggia-Rose response fields we analytically approach the problem through path integrals in the phase space and represent the moments that correspond to physical observables through Feynman diagrams. This analysis method is tested by comparing the solution to the linear case with previous analytical results. Through a perturbative expansion it is calculated how the nonlinearity affects, to the first order, the energy harvest supporting the results through numerical simulations.

A phase Ib trial of mivavotinib (TAK-659), a dual SYK/FLT3 inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

Mivavotinib (TAK-659) is an investigational type 1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor with dual activity against spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). We conducted a phase Ib study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of mivavotinib in patients with refractory and/or relapsed (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Both daily (QD) and twice daily (BID) dosing regimens were evaluated. A total of 43 patients were enrolled, and there were 5 complete responses (4 with incomplete count recovery). In the QD dosing regimen, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached up to 160 mg QD per protocol; 140 mg QD was identified as the recommended phase II dose. In the BID dosing regimen, the MTD was 60 mg BID. Thirty patients (70%) experienced a bleeding event on study; the majority were grades 1 or 2, were resolved without mivavotinib modification, and were not considered related to study treatment. Eleven patients (26%) experienced grade ≥3 bleeding events, which were observed most frequently with the 80 mg BID dose. We conducted platelet aggregation studies to investigate the potential role of mivavotinib-mediated SYK inhibition on platelet function. The bleeding events observed may have been the result of several confounding factors, including AML disease status, associated thrombocytopenia, and high doses of mivavotinib. Overall, these findings indicate that the activity of mivavotinib in R/R AML is modest. Furthermore, any future clinical investigation of this agent should be undertaken with caution, particularly in thrombocytopenic patients, due to the potential bleeding risk of SYK inhibition. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02323113.

Sulfasalazine prevents lung injury due to intra-abdominal sepsis in rats: possible role of Nrf2 and angiopoietin-2

This study aimed to investigate the effect of sulfasalazine in preventing and treating intra-abdominal sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a rat model. Forty male Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, and sepsis was induced in 30 rats by intraperitoneal administration of a fecal saline solution prepared from rat feces. Group 1: normal control (n=10) [non-surgical], Group 2: fecal intraperitoneal injection (FIP) (n=10) [untreated septic group], Group 3: FIP+saline (placebo) (n=10) [saline administered intraperitoneally], Group 4 (n=10): FIP+sulfasalazine [250 mg/kg per day administered intraperitoneally]. Computed tomography was performed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and blood gas analysis. The lungs were removed for histopathological studies. Statistically significant reductions in interleukin (IL)-6, IL1-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, malondialdehyde (MDA), and angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) levels were observed in the sulfasalazine group compared to the FIP+saline group (P<0.001). Nrf2 levels were significantly higher in the sulfasalazine-treated group than in the FIP and FIP+saline groups (P<0.01). Lung tissue scores were significantly reduced in the sulfasalazine group compared to the other sepsis groups. The Hounsfield unit (HU) value was significantly lower in the sulfasalazine group than in the FIP+saline group (P<0.001). PaO2 values were significantly higher in the sulfasalazine-treated group than in the FIP+saline-treated group (P<0.05). Sulfasalazine was shown to be effective in preventing and treating ARDS.

Association among COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and oral health status

Abstract The pathophysiology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and associated oral symptoms have not been clarified yet. The aim of the present study was to compare the oral health status of children with MIS-C-associated Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19. A total of 54 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 23 with MIS-C-associated COVID-19 and 31 with asymptomatic, mild, and moderate COVID-19 were recruited for the present cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic variables, medical examinations, oral hygiene habits, and extraoral and intraoral findings (DMFT/dmft index, OHI scores, and oral mucosal changes) were recorded. The t-test for independent samples and the Mann-Whitney U test were used (p < 0.05). MIS-C was found to be associated with chapped lips (all patients) and oral mucosal changes, including erythema, white lesion, strawberry tongue, and swelling of the gingiva as compared to the COVID-19 group (frequency of more than one mucosal change: 100% vs. 35%) (p < 0.001). Children with MIS-C presented higher DMFT/dmft scores (DMFT/dmft 5.52 ± 3.16 for the MIS-C group vs. 2.26 ± 1.80 for the COVID-19 group) (p < 0.01). Elevated OHI scores were also associated with MIS-C (mean ± SD: 3.06 ± 1.02 (MIS-C) vs. 2.41 ± 0.97 (COVID-19) (p < 0.05). Oral manifestations, mainly strawberry and erythematous tongue, were characteristic features of MIS-C. Prevalence of oral/dental symptoms was elevated in children with MIS-C when compared to COVID-19. Therefore, dental professionals should be aware of the oral manifestations associated with MIS-C, which may have high mortality and morbidity rates.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of betaine protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury: CT and histological evidence

The aim of this research was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of betaine on sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rats through histopathological examination, radiologic imaging, and biochemical analysis. Eight rats were included in the control group, and no procedure was performed. Feces intraperitoneal procedure (FIP) was performed on 24 rats to create a sepsis-induced ARDS model. These rats were separated into three groups as follows: FIP alone (sepsis group, n=8), FIP + saline (1 mL/kg, placebo group, n=8), and FIP + betaine (500 mg/kg, n=8). Computed tomography (CT) was performed after FIP, and the Hounsfield units (HU) value of the lungs was measured. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lactic acid (LA) were determined, and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) were measured from an arterial blood sample. Histopathology was used to evaluate lung damage. This study completed all histopathological and biochemical evaluations in 3 months. All evaluated biomarkers were decreased in the FIP + betaine group compared to FIP + saline and FIP alone (all P<0.05). Also, the parenchymal density of the rat lung on CT and histopathological scores were increased in FIP + saline and FIP alone compared to control and these findings were reversed by betaine treatment (all P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that betaine suppressed the inflammation and ameliorated acute lung injury in a rat model of sepsis.

Structure formation in a conserved mass model of a set of individuals interacting with attractive and repulsive forces.

We study a set of interacting individuals that conserve their total mass. In order to describe its dynamics we resort to mesoscopic equations of reaction diffusion including currents driven by attractive and repulsive forces. For the mass conservation we consider a linear response parameter that maintains the mass in the vicinity of a optimal value which is determined by the set. We use the reach and intensity of repulsive forces as control parameters. When sweeping a wide range of parameter space we find a great diversity of localized structures, stationary as well as other ones with cyclical and chaotic dynamics. We compare our results with real situations.

The effect of sulfasalazine in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats

We aimed to reveal the anti-convulsant effects sulfasalazine and its mechanism in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into two groups: 24 for electroencephalography (EEG) recording (group A) and 24 for behavioral studies (group B). About 70 mg/kg PTZ was used for behavioral studies after sulfasalazine administration and 35 mg/kg PTZ was used for EEG recording after sulfasalazine administration. Electrodes were implanted on the dura mater over the left frontal cortex and the reference electrode was implanted over the cerebellum for EEG recording. Racine's convulsion scale, first myoclonic jerk onset time, spike percentages, brain malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) levels were evaluated between the groups. First myoclonic jerk onset time was significantly shorter in the saline group than both 250 and 500 mg/kg sulfasalazine groups (P<0.05). Racine's convulsion scores were significantly lower in the 250 and 500 mg/kg sulfasalazine groups than the saline group (P<0.05, P<0.001). The two sulfasalazine groups had lower spike percentages than the saline group (P<0.05). Significantly lower MDA and PGF2α levels were observed in the 250 and 500 mg/kg sulfasalazine groups compared with the saline group (P<0.05, P<0.001, respectively). SOD increased significantly in both sulfasalazine groups compared with the PTZ+saline group (P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that sulfasalazine had protective effects on PTZ-induced convulsions by protecting against oxidative and inflammatory damage associated with PTZ.

Effect of Light Intensity on the Aggregation Behavior of Primary Particles during In Situ Photochemical Synthesis of Gold/Polymer Nanocomposites.

Metal/polymer nanocomposites have attracted much attention in recent years due to their exceptional properties and wide range of potential applications. A key challenge to obtain these materials is to stabilize the metal nanoparticles in the matrix, avoiding uncontrolled aggregation processes driven by the high surface free energy of nanosized particles. Here, we investigate the aggregation mechanism of primary particles in gold-epoxy nanocomposites prepared via light-assisted in situ synthesis, under different irradiation conditions. The growth and aggregation of gold nanoparticles were monitored in situ by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering experiments, whereas spectroscopic measurements were performed to interpret how matrix polymerization influences the aggregation process. It was found that light intensity has a greater influence on the reduction rate than on the polymerization rate. Under irradiation, gold nanostructures evolve through five time-defined stages: nuclei-mass fractals-surface fractals-spherical nanoparticles-aggregates. If the maximum in the polymerization rate is reached before the aggregation step, individual primary nanoparticles will be preserved in the polymer matrix due to diffusional constraints imposed by the reaction medium. Because the light intensity has a different influence on the reduction rate than on the polymerization rate, this parameter can be used as a versatile tool to avoid aggregation of gold nanoparticles into the polymer matrix.

Tuning the Photothermal Effect of Carboxylated-Coated Silver Nanoparticles through pH-Induced Reversible Aggregation.

The photothermal response of mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)-coated Ag nanoparticles (Ag@MUA NPs) in both aqueous dispersions and paper substrates was determined as a function of pH when irradiated with a green laser or a blue LED source. Aqueous dispersions of Ag@MUA NPs showed an aggregation behavior by acidification that was used for the formation of NPs clusters of variable sizes. Aggregation was induced by changing the pH across the apparent pKa of the acid, higher than the pKa of the free acid. Formation of these aggregates was completely reversible allowing the return to the well-dispersed initial state by simply increasing the pH by the addition of a base. Aggregation produced a shift of the plasmon band that changed the spectra of the dispersions and their ability to be remotely heated when irradiated with visible light. These aggregates could be transferred to paper by simple impregnation of the substrates with the dispersion. On the solid substrate, a higher photothermal response than in the liquid medium was observed. A high local increase of up to 75 °C could be recorded on paper after only 30 s of irradiation with a green laser, whereas a blue LED array was enough for inducing the melting of a solid paraffin (Tm = 36-38 °C) deposited on it. This work demonstrates that photothermal heating can be controlled by the reversible aggregation of NPs to induce different thermal responses in liquid and solid media.

Clinical presentation, aetiology and outcome of infective endocarditis. Results of the ESC-EORP EURO-ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry: a prospective cohort study.

AIMS: The EURO-ENDO registry aimed to study the management and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort of 3116 adult patients (2470 from Europe, 646 from non-ESC countries), admitted to 156 hospitals in 40 countries between January 2016 and March 2018 with a diagnosis of IE based on ESC 2015 diagnostic criteria. Clinical, biological, microbiological, and imaging [echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT)] data were collected. Infective endocarditis was native (NVE) in 1764 (56.6%) patients, prosthetic (PVIE) in 939 (30.1%), and device-related (CDRIE) in 308 (9.9%). Infective endocarditis was community-acquired in 2046 (65.66%) patients. Microorganisms involved were staphylococci in 1085 (44.1%) patients, oral streptococci in 304 (12.3%), enterococci in 390 (15.8%), and Streptococcus gallolyticus in 162 (6.6%). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed in 518 (16.6%) patients and presented with cardiac uptake (major criterion) in 222 (42.9%) patients, with a better sensitivity in PVIE (66.8%) than in NVE (28.0%) and CDRIE (16.3%). Embolic events occurred in 20.6% of patients, and were significantly associated with tricuspid or pulmonary IE, presence of a vegetation and Staphylococcus aureus IE. According to ESC guidelines, cardiac surgery was indicated in 2160 (69.3%) patients, but finally performed in only 1596 (73.9%) of them. In-hospital death occurred in 532 (17.1%) patients and was more frequent in PVIE. Independent predictors of mortality were Charlson index, creatinine > 2 mg/dL, congestive heart failure, vegetation length > 10 mm, cerebral complications, abscess, and failure to undertake surgery when indicated. CONCLUSION: Infective endocarditis is still a life-threatening disease with frequent lethal outcome despite profound changes in its clinical, microbiological, imaging, and therapeutic profiles.

Controlled release of antibiotics from photopolymerized hydrogels: Kinetics and microbiological studies.

The development of convenient synthetic methods and improved materials for the production of high load-capacity and biocompatible drug delivery systems is a challenging task with important implications in health sciences. In this work, acrylamide/2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and N-isopropylacrylamide/2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels were synthesized by photopolymerization using energy-efficient green-LEDs. A functionalized silsesquioxane was used as both crosslinker and co-initiator for the photopolymerization. The hybrid organic-inorganic nature of the silsesquioxane improved the resulting hydrogels' properties increasing their swelling capacity and biocompatibility. Additionally, the mild conditions used during the photopolymerization allowed the synthesis of hydrogels in the presence of antibiotics yielding high load-capacity materials in which the drug preserves its molecular structure and antimicrobial activity (as confirmed by HPLC and microbiological assays). The materials were characterized by FTIR, DSC and SEM. Additionally, the kinetics of gels´ swelling and drug release were studied under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 °C). The results demonstrate how hydrogel composition affects the antibiotics-release kinetics. The final drug release percentage increased with increasing molar fraction of acrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide and in most cases exceeded 85%. Finally, the antibacterial effect of loaded gels was characterized using a number of assays against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The observed antibacterial effect correlated well with swelling and drug release results. Furthermore, gels are not toxic for isolated erythrocytes as demonstrated by haemolytic tests. Overall, our results indicate that the produced hydrogels are promising materials to develop controlled drug-delivery devices such as capsules, dermatological patches and others.

Occurrence of PPCPs in a Brazilian water reservoir and their removal efficiency by ecological filtration.

The presence of PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products) in water sources and drinking water has concerned researchers in recent times. This study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of 6 PPCPs (namely paracetamol, diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, benzophenone-3 and methylparaben) in the Lobo reservoir, their degradation products, and how efficiently they were removed by 22 ecological filters, considering individual and mixture of compounds. There were 3 spiking events of PPCPs (2 µg L-1) in the ecological filter influents conducted with a lag period of 15 days between spikes. Water samples were collected from the influent and effluent of the filters at 3, 6 and 24 h after each spiking event. All target PPCPs were identified in the Lobo reservoir water in the range of µg L-1. The personal care products were detected with 100% frequency in the samples, and in higher concentrations compared to the pharmaceuticals. Degradation products of diclofenac and benzophenone-3 were identified in the water samples. Results of this investigation show that ecological filtration was an effective process (70-99%) to remove 2 µg L-1 of the selected PPCPs, and demonstrated that the filters were resilient to individual compounds and to their mixtures.

Ecotoxicological effects of bisphenol A and nonylphenol on the freshwater cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis.

Toxicities of bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) to the neotropical freshwater cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis were studied under laboratory conditions. Acute exposures to BPA generated mean 48-h EC50 values of 14.44 (6.02-22.85) mg L-1 for C. silvestrii and 12.05 (1.73-22.37) mg L-1 for D. similis. When the organisms were exposed to acute doses of NP, mean 48-h EC50 values were 0.055 (0.047-0.064) mg L-1 (C. silvestrii) and 0.133 (0.067-0.200) mg L-1 (D. similis). Ceriodaphnia silvestrii was also tested in chronic bioassays, which resulted in mean 8-d IC25 values of 2.43 (2.16-2.69) mg L-1 BPA [no observed effect concentration (NOEC): 1.38 mg L-1] and 0.020 (0.015-0.026) mg L-1 NP (NOEC: 0.015 mg L-1). These laboratory tests are valuable to broaden the understanding of the environmental threat posed by BPA and NP in aquatic ecosystems, and to increase the knowledge about the sensitivity of neotropical indigenous species to these contaminants. In addition to the laboratory bioassays, species sensitivity distributions were used to suggest protective concentrations of BPA and NP to prevent adverse effects on freshwater organisms. According to the obtained results, concentrations lower than 36.47 µg L-1 BPA and 1.39 µg L-1 NP are not expected to adversely impact aquatic organisms in natural ecosystems.

Mechanism of Particle Formation in Silver/Epoxy Nanocomposites Obtained through a Visible-Light-Assisted in Situ Synthesis.

A detailed understanding of the processes taking place during the in situ synthesis of metal/polymer nanocomposites is crucial to manipulate the shape and size of nanoparticles (NPs) with a high level of control. In this paper, we report an in-depth time-resolved analysis of the particle formation process in silver/epoxy nanocomposites obtained through a visible-light-assisted in situ synthesis. The selected epoxy monomer was based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, which undergoes relatively slow cationic ring-opening polymerization. This feature allowed us to access a full description of the formation process of silver NPs before this was arrested by the curing of the epoxy matrix. In situ time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering investigation was carried out to follow the evolution of the number and size of the silver NPs as a function of irradiation time, whereas rheological experiments combined with near-infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies were performed to interpret how changes in the rheological properties of the matrix affect the nucleation and growth of particles. The analysis of the obtained results allowed us to propose consistent mechanisms for the formation of metal/polymer nanocomposites obtained by light-assisted one-pot synthesis. Finally, the effect of a thermal postcuring treatment of the epoxy matrix on the particle size in the nanocomposite was investigated.

Epoxy-Based Organogels for Thermally Reversible Light Scattering Films and Form-Stable Phase Change Materials.

Alkyl chains of ß-hydroxyesters synthesized by the capping of terminal epoxy groups of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with palmitic (C16), stearic (C18), or behenic (C22) fatty acids self-assemble forming a crystalline phase. Above a particular concentration solutions of these esters in a variety of solvents led to supramolecular (physical) gels below the crystallization temperature of alkyl chains. A form-stable phase change material (FS-PCM) was obtained by blending the ester derived from behenic acid with eicosane. A blend containing 20 wt % ester was stable as a gel up to 53 °C and exhibited a heat storage capacity of 161 J/g, absorbed during the melting of eicosane at 37 °C. Thermally reversible light scattering (TRLS) films were obtained by visible-light photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate-ester blends (50 wt %) in the gel state at room temperature. The reaction was very fast and not inhibited by oxygen. TRLS films consisted of a cross-linked methacrylic network interpenetrated by the supramolecular network formed by the esters. Above the melting temperature of crystallites formed by alkyl chains, the film was transparent due to the matching between refractive indices of the methacrylic network and the amorphous ester. Below the crystallization temperature, the film was opaque because of light dispersion produced by the organic crystallites uniformly dispersed in the material. Of high significance for application was the fact that the contrast ratio did not depend on heating and cooling rates.

Assessment of the current state of biodiversity data for butterflies and skippers in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea).

Lepidoptera is one of the four megadiverse insect orders, comprising butterflies and moths. In Brazil, the bulk of knowledge about the butterfly fauna is restricted to some areas in the southeast of the country, with large gaps of knowledge in other areas. The state of Mato Grosso is one of the largest states in Brazil, and holds three of the main Brazilian biomes: Amazon rain forest, Cerrado and Pantanal. However, knowledge about Mato Grosso butterflies is fragmented and restricted to a few localities, and information is scattered in various sources. The aim of this study is to assemble the biodiversity information of the butterfly fauna of the state of Mato Grosso based on historical and recent literature data and collections carried out in the southwest of the state from 2007-2009. Records without precise locality data or taxonomic information were not included. Species identification was based on literature and comparison with specimens in collections; higher and species-level taxonomy were updated based on the Neotropical Checklist of Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea and recent phylogenetic and revisionary taxonomic works. In total, 901 species were recorded in 2,820 occurrence records. This represents 148 species of Hesperiidae, 29 Papilionidae, 28 Pieridae, 77 Lycaenidae, 238 Riodinidae, and 381 Nymphalidae. Of these, 207 species records are from the type specimens of species described in the state. Based on the results and literature records for other Brazilian states and biomes, probably the figures for Mato Grosso are underestimated, particularly in the families Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae, in that order. Future collecting efforts should be directed towards certain areas of the state, especially in less sampled areas and biomes, as the north of the state and Pantanal.

In silico infrared and Raman spectroscopy under pressure: the case of CaSnO3 perovskite.

The CaSnO3 perovskite is investigated under geochemical pressure, up to 25 GPa, by means of periodic ab initio calculations performed at B3LYP level with local Gaussian-type orbital basis sets. Structural, elastic, and spectroscopic (phonon wave-numbers, infrared and Raman intensities) properties are fully characterized and discussed. The evolution of the Raman spectrum of CaSnO3 under pressure is reported to remarkably agree with a recent experimental determination [J. Kung, Y. J. Lin, and C. M. Lin, J. Chem. Phys. 135, 224507 (2011)] as regards both wave-number shifts and intensity changes. All phonon modes are symmetry-labeled and bands assigned. The single-crystal total spectrum is symmetry-decomposed into the six directional spectra related to the components of the polarizability tensor. The infrared spectrum at increasing pressure is reported for the first time and its main features discussed. All calculations are performed using the Crystal14 program, taking advantage of the new implementation of analytical infrared and Raman intensities for crystalline materials.

Comparison of effects of sugammadex and neostigmine on QTc prolongation in rabbits under general anesthesia

PURPOSE:To compare the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine, used to antagonize the effects of rocuronium, on the QTc interval.METHODS:This study used 10 adult New Zealand white rabbits of 2.5-3.5 kg randomly divided into two groups: sugammadex group (Group S, n:5) and neostigmine group (Group N, n:5). For general anesthesia administering 2 mg/kg iv propofol and 1 mcg/kg iv fentanyl, 0.6 mg/kg iv rocuronium was given. Later to provide reliable airway for all experimental animals V-Gel Rabbit was inserted. The rabbits were manually ventilated by the same anesthetist. After the V-Gel Rabbit was inserted at 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 40 minutes measurements were repeated and recorded. At 25 minutes after induction Group N rabbits were given 0.05 mg/kg iv neostigmine + 0.01 mg/kg iv atropine. Group S were administered 2 mg/kg iv sugammadex.RESULTS:Comparing the QTc interval in the rabbits in Group S and Group N, in the 25th, 27th and 30th minute after muscle relaxant antagonist was administered the QTc interval in the neostigmine group rabbits was significantly increased (p<0.05).CONCLUSION:While sugammadex, administered to antagonize the effect of rocuronium, did not significantly affect the QTc interval, neostigmine+atropine proloned the QTc interval.(AU)

Comparison of effects of sugammadex and neostigmine on QTc prolongation in rabbits under general anesthesia

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine, used to antagonize the effects of rocuronium, on the QTc interval. METHODS: This study used 10 adult New Zealand white rabbits of 2.5-3.5 kg randomly divided into two groups: sugammadex group (Group S, n:5) and neostigmine group (Group N, n:5). For general anesthesia administering 2 mg/kg iv propofol and 1 mcg/kg iv fentanyl, 0.6 mg/kg iv rocuronium was given. Later to provide reliable airway for all experimental animals V-Gel Rabbit was inserted. The rabbits were manually ventilated by the same anesthetist. After the V-Gel Rabbit was inserted at 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 40 minutes measurements were repeated and recorded. At 25 minutes after induction Group N rabbits were given 0.05 mg/kg iv neostigmine + 0.01 mg/kg iv atropine. Group S were administered 2 mg/kg iv sugammadex. RESULTS: Comparing the QTc interval in the rabbits in Group S and Group N, in the 25th, 27th and 30th minute after muscle relaxant antagonist was administered the QTc interval in the neostigmine group rabbits was significantly increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: While sugammadex, administered to antagonize the effect of rocuronium, did not significantly affect the QTc interval, neostigmine+atropine proloned the QTc interval. .

Remoção de diclofenaco, ibuprofeno, naproxeno e paracetamol em filtro ecológico seguido por filtro de carvão granular biologicamente ativado / Removal of diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and paracetamol in ecological filter followed by granular carbon filter biologically active

O filtro ecológico representa uma promissora tecnologia de tratamento, em razão desta não necessitar da aplicação de produtos químicos, além de sua constatada eficiência. Nele, estabelece-se entre os seres vivos a relação de cadeia alimentar. Inicialmente uma matriz aquosa foi acrescida de quatro fármacos (diclofenaco, naproxeno, ibuprofeno e paracetamol) e posteriormente analisada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para avaliar a remoção desses compostos pelo filtro ecológico seguido pelo filtro de carvão granular biologicamente ativado. Parâmetros, entre eles turbidez, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, cor aparente e cor verdadeira, foram mensurados para verificar a eficiência dos filtros. Houve remoção de 97,43% do diclofenaco, 85,03% do ibuprofeno: 94,11% do naproxeno e 84,07% do paracetamol.

The ecological filter represents a promising treatment technology, because this doesn't require the application of chemicals and is efficient. In it, is between living beings the relationship of the food chain. Initially an aqueous matrix was added to four drugs (diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen and paracetamol), and subsequently analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the removal of these compounds by ecological filter followed by granular activated carbon filter biologically active. The pharmacological compounds and parameters such as turbity, total and fecal coliforms, apparent color and true color were measured to evaluate the effectiveness of filters. There was removal of the drugs applied and the parameters measured. The percentages of removal were 97,43% of diclofenaco,85,03% of ibuprofen, 94,11% of naproxen and 84,07% of paracetamol.