C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and radial artery thrombosis post transradial angiography.

Aim: The aim is to evaluate the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) and radial artery thrombosis in patients undergoing radial angiography. Patients & methods: We prospectively included 261 consecutive patients undergoing radial angiography, assessing radial artery diameter and thrombosis presence. Results: The CRP values were significantly higher in radial artery thrombosis group compared with group without thrombosis (13.01 vs. 4.33 mg/l, p < 0.001, respectively). Also CAR was statistically significantly different between the group with thrombosis and the group without thrombosis (0.102 vs. 0.349, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study is the first to assess CAR in radial thrombus development post-procedure in patients undergoing radial angiography. CAR can be useful in determining radial artery thrombosis after the coronary angiography.

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Comparison of Anticancer, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory Effects and Phytochemical Contents between Edible Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and A New Wild Species (Lactuca anatolica).

In this study, the bioactive components, enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant and anticancer potentials of edible (L. sativa) and a new species (L. anatolica) of Lactuca were evaluated and compared. The quantitative analyzes of the bioactive components of L. sativa (LS) and L. anatolica (LA) were analyzed quantitatively by GC-MS and Orbitrab HPLC-HRMS. Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer properties were analyzed by various assays. In general, LA exhibited more stronger antioxidant properties compared to LS. The extracts showed similar inhibitory effects on these enzymes. It was determined that LS was dominant in terms of linoleic acid (23.71%), while LA contained a high level of α-linolenic acid (31.70%). LA and LS inhibited the viability of A549 and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 values for LA, LS and cisplatin were determined as 120.3, 197.5, 4.3 µg/mL in A549 cell line and 286.2, 472.8, 7.2 µg/mL in MCF-7 cell line, respectively. It was revealed that LA and LS treatment at 50 µg/mL concentrations in A549 cells completely suppressed the colony forming capacity, and treatment with IC50 doses inhibited cell migration, and triggered apoptosis by regulating caspase-3, cPARP, p53 and p21. The findings of this study suggested that these species have significant pharmacological potential.

Left atrial function index and left atrial electromechanical functions in anxiety disorders.

BACKGROUND: There is a close linkage between anxiety disorders (ADs), and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to investigate left atrial function index (LAFI) and its components, LA mechanical functions and atrial conduction times in AD patients and age- and gender-matched control group patients for the first time in the literature. METHODS: A total of 48 AD patients and 33 healthy subjects were enrolled to the study prospectively. Echocardiographic parameters including two-dimensional conventional echocardiography, diastolic functions, LA mechanical functions, LAFI, atrial conduction times and atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) were calculated. RESULTS: The velocity-time integral of the LV outflow tract (LVOT-VTI), LAFI and LA conduit volume were significantly lower in AD patients. Atrial electromechanical coupling as established from lateral mitral annulus (PA lateral) was significantly higher in AD group than control group. Inter-AEMD and left intra-AEMD were also higher in AD group compared to control group. Age, gender, body surface area (BSA), conduit volume, LVOT-VTI and LAFI were significant factors associated with AD in univariate analysis. However, only BSA and LVOT-VTI (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.79, 95 CI%: 0.66-0.95, p = 0.013) were independently associated with AD in multivariate analysis. Age, gender, conduit volume and LAFI (OR: 0.25, 95 CI%: 0.03-2.12, p = 0.204) were not found to be independent associates of AD. CONCLUSION: LAFI is impaired in patients suffering from AD compared to their age- and gender-matched counterparts but this impairment originates from lower levels of LVOT-VTI calculations in AD patients. Thus, LVOT-VTI, but not LAFI, is independently associated with AD.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly contributes to the mortality and morbidity rates among pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients. Objective: Our study aimed to assess the potential factors contributing to AKI in pediatric LT patients and to analyze the impact of AKI on postoperative mortality and hospitalization duration. Materials and methods: About 235 pediatric LT patients under the age of 18 between the years 2015 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. The relationship between preoperative and intraoperative variables of the patients and AKI developed when the early postoperative period was assessed. Results: A correlation was found between the patients' preoperative age, albumin levels, and AKI. AKI was found to be associated with the duration of surgery and intraoperative blood transfusion. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the severity of AKI in pediatric LT patients is linked to extended surgical durations and increased blood transfusions resulting from hemodynamically compromised blood loss. Furthermore, independent risk factors for AKI were identified as prolonged warm ischemia and the overall duration of the operation. How to cite this article: Demiroz D, Colak YZ, Ozdes OO, Ucar M, Ali Erdogan M, Toprak HI, et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients: A Retrospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(1):75-79.

The Course of Endoscopic Treatment Success in Biliary Complications After Living Donor Liver Transplantation.

Objective: Our aim was to present the results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) between February 2015 and June 2021. Methods: Clinical data included LDLT indications, time to perform ERCP after LDLT, number of ERCP procedures, indications for ERCP, and all treatment outcomes, including ERCP, percutaneous, and surgical interventions. We compared the obtained data with our previous study published by our team in 2018, which included 446 patients who underwent ERCP for biliary complications after LDLT between 2005 and 2015. Results: We performed ERCP in 283 of 1506 patients with LDLT who underwent duct-to-duct anastomosis during transplantation and then developed biliary complications. Our endoscopic success rates were 60.9% and 71.0% in the previous and present studies, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the success rate of endoscopic treatment of biliary complications in patients with LDLT increases in correlation with the increasing experience of clinicians treating these patients.

The Effect of Cold Saline Irrigation of Dissection Planes in Rhinoplasty on Postoperative Edema and Ecchymosis.

BACKGROUND: Periorbital edema and ecchymosis are frequently encountered after rhinoplasty and may be distressing to patients. Cold therapy is frequently employed in rhinoplasty to reduce postoperative edema and ecchymosis. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold saline irrigation (CSI) of dissection planes in rhinoplasty on postoperative edema and ecchymosis. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: The investigators designed a retrospective cohort study. The data of patients who underwent rhinoplasty in our clinic between January 2021 and January 2023 were scanned. Patients who underwent primary open rhinoplasty from the same surgeon and standard rhinoplasty steps were applied in the same way and order were included in the study. Patients who had systemic diseases and previous nose surgery, and patients whose photographs could not be accessed from the photograph archive were excluded. PREDICTOR VARIABLE: According to whether CSI was applied to the dissection plans during rhinoplasty, the patients were divided into the CSI group and the control group (without CSI). MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: Patients' grades of periorbital edema and ecchymosis were the main outcome variables. The differences of outcome variables were compared between the 2 groups. COVARIATES: Demographics (age, sex), and surgical detail (duration of surgery) were collected as covariates. ANALYSES: The numerical variables were compared between the two groups using the student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, whereas the categorical variables were compared using Pearson's χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Among the 167 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 60 patients were randomly selected, 30 patients in each group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age (P = .45) and sex (P = .27). The mean ecchymosis grade was statistically significant lower in the CSI group than in the control group for all evaluation times (P < .05). Similarly, the mean edema grade was statistically significant lower in the CSI group than in the control group for all evaluation times, with the exception of the 10th and 15th day (P < .05). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: CSI of the dissection planes in rhinoplasty reduced the development of periorbital edema and ecchymosis. This procedure is straightforward, inexpensive, and effective.

Adipose tissue indices predict prognosis in hodgkin lymphoma.

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the impact of adipose tissue indices on prognosis of HL. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma were evaluated retrospectively for association with adipose tissue indices (total abdominal tissue volume, radiodensity, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue SUVmax value and prognostic factors for Hodgkin Lymphoma such as IPS-3, IPS-7, stage, sedimentation, progression free and overall survival. RESULTS: For IPS-3, SAT SUVmax and TAAT radiodensity were significantly increased in high-risk patients (2and 3) compared to group 0 and 1. For IPS-7, total abdominal adipose volume was significantly decreased in high-risk patients, SAT SUVmax significantly increased in high-risk patients and decreased in low-risk patients. In addition, SAT SUVmax was significantly increased in patients with high sedimentation rate, with B symptoms and who passed away during follow-up. SAT SUVmax showed moderate positive correlation with sedimentation, IPS-3, IPS-7, and stage. In addition, it was observed that TAAT radiodensity and SAT SUVmax were significantly better for determining prognosis than other adipose tissue indices. Roc analysis showed that the diagnostic value of all adipose tissue indices in predicting IPS-3 and IPS-7 prognoses were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: SAT SUVmax and TAAT radiodensity were two new and independent markers with diagnostic value in predicting prognosis.

Extraretinal Fibrovascular Proliferation in a Neonate Possibly Associated with an ESAM Gene Variant

A female infant born with a gestational age of 35 weeks and birth weight of 2500 g was referred for ophthalmic examination on the second postnatal day. Bilateral venous dilatation and arterial tortuosity, severe extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation, and peripheral ischemia were detected. Fluorescein angiography showed profoundly delayed arteriovenous transit and peripheral avascularity. Both eyes were treated with diode laser photocoagulation and bevacizumab injection. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hydrocephalus, ventricular dilatation, and cerebral atrophy. Her family history revealed that the patient's brother presented to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic at postnatal 3 months with inoperable total retinal detachment and similar cranial MRI findings. No systemic or ocular findings were detected in the parents. A recent study showed that in 13 cases, including our patients, bi-allelic variants in the ESAM gene lead to a new neurodevelopmental disease whose main clinical features include impaired speech and language development, seizures, varying degrees of spasticity, ventriculomegaly, intracranial hemorrhage, and developmental delay/mental disability. Newborn siblings of children with serious pathological retinal findings should undergo a detailed ophthalmic examination as soon as possible after birth to prevent total retinal detachment, even without a diagnosis of specific inherited retinal vascular diseases. Further investigations performed in collaboration with an international network may reveal more candidate gene variants possibly related to retinopathy of prematurity-like ophthalmological findings such as extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation.

Effect of Melatonin on Increasing the Effectiveness of Liver Preservation Solution.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Various tissue preservation solutions are used during the removal of the organ and during transplantation to protect the normal histological and biochemical characteristics of tissue while performing a successful liver transplant. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal melatonin administration on liver preservation damage before transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, the histological and biochemical characteristics of University of Wisconsin+melatonin group rats treated with melatonin 45 minutes before hepatectomy were compared between serum physiologic group and University of Wisconsin group. RESULTS: When hematoxylin and eosin staining was evaluated in terms of hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, and hepatocyte necrosis, there was no statistically significant difference. Caspase 3 immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in Caspase 3 immunoreactivity positivity at the 12th-hour University of Wisconsin group compared to University of Wisconsin+melatonin group. As a result of biochemical analysis, the malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin group decreased significantly compared to the University of Wisconsin group. When the reduced glutathione activity and total antioxidant capacity level were compared, a significant increase was observed in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin group compared to the University of Wisconsin group at the 12th hour. It was also found that aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels decreased significantly in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin 12th-hour group compared to the University of Wisconsin 12th hour and control group. CONCLUSION: When the findings were evaluated, intraperitoneal administration of melatonin, a cytoprotective antioxidant, was found to play an effective role in preserving immunohistochemical and biochemical properties of liver tissue integrity and hepatocytes in University of Wisconsin solution.

Based on the Real-Life Data of Türkiye; Comparison of Anatomical and Functional Outcomes of Phakic and Pseudophakic Patients in Wet Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Objectives: The aim of the study was comparison of wet-type age-related macular degeneration in phakic and pseudophakic patients in terms of anatomical and functional success based on the real-life data of Türkiye. Methods: The multicenter retrospective real-life study data of the. retinal study group were used in this study. Among 867 eyes of 867 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the status of the lens; phakic group and pseudophakic group. The follow-up period of the two groups, the number of injections at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years, and changes in the central macular thickness (CMT, µ) and visual acuity (VA, logMAR) of the patients at the beginning, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 36th months were examined. Results: In our study, the number of injections in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years, respectively, was 4.2±2.0, 1.8±1.9, and 1.0±1.7 in the phakic group, and 3.9±2.0, 1.7±1.9, and 0.8±1.4 in the pseudophakic group. When the two groups were compared in terms of the number of injections, there was a statistically significant difference in the 1st year, but there was no significant difference in the 2nd and 3rd years (p=0.001, p=0.350, and p=0.288, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of CMT in the baseline, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 36th months (p=0.991, p=0.327, p=0.652, p=0.599, and p=0.873, respectively). Although there was no difference in VA between groups at the beginning (p=0.052), the phakic group showed statistically better VA in controls at 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 36th months (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.000, p=0.000, and p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Differences in the number of injections and visual results between phakic and pseudophakic patients in wet type AMD may necessitate the creation of different treatment and follow-up protocols.

Evaluation of the anticancer effect of telomerase inhibitor BIBR1532 in anaplastic thyroid cancer in terms of apoptosis, migration and cell cycle.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) represents the type with the worst prognosis among thyroid cancers. In ATC with a highly invasive phenotype, selective targeting of TERT with BIBR1532 may be a goal-driven approach to preserving healthy tissues. In present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of treatment of SW1736 cells with BIBR1532 on apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and migration. The apoptotic effect of BIBR1532 on SW1736 cells was examined using the Annexin V method, the cytostatic effect using cell cycle test, migration properties using wound healing assay. Gene expression differences were determined by real-time qRT-PCR and differences in protein level by ELISA test. BIBR1532-treated SW1736 cells had 3.1-fold increase in apoptosis compared to their untreated counterpart. There was 58.1% arrest in the G0/G1 phase and 27.6% arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle in untreated group, treatment with BIBR1532 increased cell population in G0/G1 phase to 80.9% and decreased in S phase to 7.1%. Treatment with the TERT inhibitor resulted in a 50.8% decrease in cell migration compared to the untreated group. After BIBR1532 treatment of SW1736 cells, upregulation of BAD, BAX, CASP8, CYCS, TNFSF10, CDKN2A genes, and downregulation of BCL2L11, XIAP, CCND2 genes were detected. BIBR1532 treatment resulted in an increase in BAX and p16 proteins, and a decrease in concentration of BCL-2 protein compared to untreated group. Targeting TERT with BIBR1532 as a mono drug or using of BIBR1532 at "priming stage" prior to chemotherapy treatment in ATC may present a novel and promising treatment strategy.

Evaluation of Sleep Quality, Work Stress and Related Factors in Hospital Office Workers.

BACKGROUND:  Occupational factors, working conditions, age, gender, exercise, acquired habits, and stress affect a person's sleep quality. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep quality, work stress, and related factors among office workers in a hospital. METHODS:  This cross-sectional study was conducted with office workers actively working in a hospital. A questionnaire consisting of a sociodemographic data form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Swedish Workload-Control-Support Scale were used to assess the participants.    Results: The mean of PSQI score was 4.32±2.40 and 27.2% of the participants had poor sleep quality. In the multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression analysis, it was found that shift workers were 1.73 times (95% CI: 1.02-2.91) more likely to have poor sleep quality, and a one-unit increase in work stress score increased the risk of having poor sleep quality by 2.59 times (95% CI: 1.37-4.87). An increase in age was found to decrease the risk of poor sleep quality in workers (OR =0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.98). CONCLUSION:  This study suggests that reducing workload and increasing work control as well as enhancing social support will be effective in preventing sleep disturbances. It is important, however, in terms of providing guidance for hospital employees in planning future measures to improve working conditions.

Results of anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular AMD in eyes with different baseline visual acuity in Turkish population-based on real life data-Bosphorus retina study group.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the anatomical and visual outcomes of the patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), according to the baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) based on the multicenter real-life data. METHODS: Five-hundred-ninety patients who had taken the Pro Re Nata (PRN) treatment regimen with three loading doses and at least one year of follow-up were included. The patients were divided into three groups according to the baseline BCVA: Group 1 (BCVA ≥ 1.3 Logmar), Group 2 (1.3 Logmar > BCVA ≥ 0.3 Logmar), and Group 3 (BCVA ≤ 0.2 Logmar). BCVA, central macular thickness (CMT), and the number of injections and visits were evaluated. RESULTS: There were 175, 322, and 93 patients in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively. The number of visits and injections in the 1st year was not different between the groups (p = 0.58 and p = 0.08) and was 7.09 and 4.41 (Group 1), 6.59 and 5.58 (Group 2), 6.77 and 4.08 (Group 3). There was a significant difference in CMT between the baseline and 12th month in Group 1 and Group 2 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) but not in Group 3 (p = 0.84). BCVA was significantly better in the 12th month in Group 1 (p < 0.001), slightly worse in Group 2 (p = 0.79), and significantly worse in Group 3 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that an inadequate number of injections cannot protect vision. Moreover, it can cause vision loss, especially in the eyes with good vision.

Design, synthesis, α-glucosidase inhibition, pharmacokinetic, and cytotoxic studies of new indole-carbohydrazide-phenoxy-N-phenylacetamide derivatives.

A new series of indole-carbohydrazide-phenoxy-N-phenylacetamide derivatives 7a-l were designed, synthesized, and screened for their α-glucosidase inhibitory abilities and cytotoxic effects. The results obtained in the α-glucosidase inhibition assay indicated that most of the synthesized derivatives displayed good to moderate inhibitory abilities (Ki values ranging from 14.65 ± 2.54 to 37.466 ± 6.46 µM) when compared with the standard drug acarbose (Ki = 42.38 ± 5.73 µM). Among them, 2-mehoxy-phenoxy derivatives 7l and 7h with 4-nitro and 4-chloro substituents on the phenyl ring of the N-phenylacetamide moiety, respectively, displayed the most inhibition effects. The inhibitory mechanism of these compounds was investigated by molecular docking studies. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that only one compound, 2-methoxy-phenoxy derivative 7k with a 4-bromo substituent on the phenyl ring of the N-phenylacetamide moiety, exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against the human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line A549 and the rest of the compounds show almost no cytotoxicity. Further cytotoxic evaluations were also performed on compound 7k. The in silico pharmacokinetic study predicted that the selected compounds 7l and 7h are likely to be orally active.

CHAMPS score in predicting mortality of patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥2, in-hospital onset, albumin <2.5 g/dL, altered mental status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, steroid use score in predicting mortality in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and compare it with the Glasgow-Blatchford score; the albumin, international normalized ratio; alteration in mental status, systolic blood pressure, and age 65 score; the age, blood tests, and comorbidities score; and Complete Rockall score. METHODS: The data of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding who visited the emergency department during the study period were obtained from the hospital automation system by using the classification of disease codes and analyzed in this retrospective study. Adult patients with endoscopically confirmed nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding were included in the study. Patients with bleeding from the tumor, bleeding after endoscopic resection, or missing data were excluded. The prediction accuracy of the Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 2, in-hospital onset, albumin < 2.5 g/dL, altered mental status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2, steroid use score was calculated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and compared with that of Glasgow-Blatchford score, the albumin, international normalized ratio; alteration in mental status, systolic blood pressure, and age 65 score, the age, blood tests, and comorbidities score, and Complete Rockall score. RESULTS: A total of 805 patients were included in the study, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 6.6%. The performance of the Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 2, in-hospital onset, albumin < 2.5 g/dL, altered mental status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2, steroid use score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.812, 95%CI 0.783-0.839) was better than Glasgow-Blatchford score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.683, 95%CI 0.650-0.713, p=0.008), and similar to the the age, blood tests, and comorbidities score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.829, 95%CI 0.801-0.854, p=0.563), the albumin, international normalized ratio; alteration in mental status, systolic blood pressure, and age 65 score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.794, 95%CI 0.764-0.821, p=0.672), and Complete Rockall score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.761, 95%CI 0.730-0.790, p=0.106). CONCLUSION: The performance of the Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 2, in-hospital onset, albumin < 2.5 g/dL, altered mental status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2, steroid use score in predicting in-hospital mortality for our study population is better than Glasgow-Blatchford score and similar to the the age, blood tests, and comorbidities score, the albumin, international normalized ratio; alteration in mental status, systolic blood pressure, and age 65 score, and Complete Rockall score.

The expression of HDAC9 and P300 in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line.

PURPOSE: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer and accounts for 85-90% of all thyroid cancers. Metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer, radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer, and anaplastic thyroid cancer still lack effective therapeutic options. Here, we aimed to assess HDAC9 and P300 expression in the papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line and compare them with normal thyroid cells. METHODS: Nthy-ori-3-1, a normal thyroid cell line, and BCPAP, a PTC cell line, were cultured for 24 and 48 h and immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the levels of HDAC9 and P300 protein expression. HDAC9 paracrine release was assessed using an ELISA assay. RESULTS: HDAC9 protein expression was higher in both cell groups at the 48th hour than at the 24th hour; however, P300 protein expression was lower in BCPAP cells at the 48th hour than at the 24th hour. In comparison to Nthy-ori-3-1, BCPAP expressed more HDAC9 and P300 proteins. HDAC9 secretion slightly increased in Nthy-ori-3-1 cells from 24 to 48 h. Furthermore, HDAC9 secretion in BCPAP cells dramatically decreased from 24 to 48 h. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that the expression of HDAC9 and P300 was higher in the PTC cell line than in normal thyroid cells. This indicates that the acetylation mechanism in thyroid cancer cells is not the same as it is in healthy cells. Epigenetic studies may reveal the mechanisms underlying PTC with further analysis.

In vitro anticancer, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potentials of endemic Cephalaria elazigensis var. purpurea with in silico studies.

In this study, the therapeutic potential and phytochemical composition of ethanolic extract of Cephalaria elazigensis var. purpurea (CE), an endemic species, were investigated. For this purpose, the antiproliferative effect of CE on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and its effectiveness on colony formation and cell migration was analyzed with clonogenic assay and wound healing assay, respectively. In addition, the cell death detection ELISA (CDDE) assay was conducted to determine the pro-apoptotic capacity of CE. The IC50 value of the CE was determined as 324.2 ± 14.7 µg/mL. Furthermore, upon 1000 µg/mL CE treatment, there was 4.96-fold increase in the population of cells undergoing apoptosis compared to the untreated control cells. The antioxidant activity tests were performed by DPPH free radical, ABTS cation radical, ferric-ion reducing power (FRAP) and ferrous-ion chelating power (FCAP) assays. Antioxidant activity values for the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were found to be 125.6 ± 6.3, 34.09 ± 0.1 and 123.4 ± 4.2 µmol TE/mg DE, respectively. We further determined the effect of CE ethanolic extract against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. CE plays an effective inhibitory role in AChE and BuChE (AChE: IC50: 10.54 µg/mL, BuChE: IC50: 6.84 µg/mL) respectively. Further, molecular docking stuy was conducted to understand the nature of the all compound against AChE an BChE. It is revealed that α-Linolenic acid shows lowest binding energy (-7.90 kcal/mol) towards AChE, on the other side, Linoleic acid shows good binding affinity (-7.40 kcal/mol) for BChE.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.