Evaluation of Catatonia with Different Assessment Scales in Psychiatry and Neurology. / Psikiyatri ve Nörolojide Katatoninin Farkli Ölçeklerle Degerlendirilmesi.

OBJECTIVE: Catatonia is a syndrome that can be missed in clinical settings. Diagnosis of catatonia is important because the condition can be reversible and is associated with severe complications. This study aims to screen patients with catatonia admitted to a university hospital's psychiatry and neurology services, examine their characteristics, and compare the coverage of different catatonia scales. METHOD: During a consecutive 20 months study period, the Turkish adaptations of the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating and the KANNER scales were administered in psychiatry and neurology inpatient units and patients on the waiting list for psychiatric hospitalization. The participants were also evaluated with DSM-5 criteria. In addition, the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in the psychiatric group were compared. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients were evaluated. Twenty-eight (13.1%) screened positive for catatonia, and 23 (82.1%) were diagnosed with catatonia according to DSM-5 criteria. KANNER and Bush- Francis identified the same patients as having catatonia. In addition to schizophrenia and mood disorders; neurodevelopmental disorder, encephalitis, postpartum psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, delirium, cerebrovascular disease, functional neurological symptom disorder have also been found to be associated with catatonia. The most common complication was urinary tract infection. Life-threatening complications were also observed. CONCLUSION: Overlooking catatonia may have dire consequences. Adhering solely to the DSM-5 criteria may miss some patients with catatonia. Widely and efficiently using standardized catatonia scales can improve detection capacity and enhance the management of morbidity and mortality.

Comparison of autogenous and reactive type obsessive-compulsive disorders in terms of clinical characteristics: A meta-analysis study.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been divided into two subgroups autogenous and reactive types, based on obsessive symptoms. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis study compares sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Investigation of the differences between the two groups in terms of these basic characteristics may provide information about the accuracy of this classification. This is the first meta-analysis to examine gender, age at onset and some clinical differences between patients with autogenous and reactive OCD. Electronic bibliographic databases of Scopus and PubMed were searched up to March 2024. Random effect models were conducted for this meta-analysis. The analysis was carried out using the standardized mean difference as the outcome measure. Publication bias was evaluated using the Begg and Eggers funnel plot, and fail-safe N calculation using the Rosenthal approach. The current meta-analysis summarizes the data from primary studies comparing the gender rates, age at onset of OCD, severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms between autogenous and reactive types of OCD. The results of this study showed that the rate of male gender was higher in the autogenous type OCD. In addition, increased severity of anxiety, and depression were associated with autogenous type OCD. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Age of OCD onset findings were insignificant, but excluding an outlier study suggested earlier onset in autogenous type OCD. These results support the distinction between autogenous and reactive type OCD.

Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study of the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating and KANNER Scales. / Bush Francis Katatoni Degerlendirme ve KANNER Katatoni Ölçeklerinin Türkçe Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalismasi.

OBJECTIVE: Catatonia is a common syndrome which can be lifethreatening due to its complications. The aims of the study were to translate the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) and the KANNER Scale into Turkish, conduct the validity and reliability analyses and to compare the two scales. METHOD: During the study period extending over 20 consecutive months, the Turkish versions of the scales were administered to 84 patients who were hospitalized in the psychiatry ward or who were admitted to the hospitalization list. The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of all patients were evaluated. The scales were administered to the patients by two raters, one of whom was permanently involved. RESULTS: Convergent and criterion validities revealed a high correlation between the screening instruments of both scales and between the BFCRS total score and 2nd and 3rd part scores of the KANNER Scale. BFCRS total score of ≥6, KANNER Scale 2nd part score of ≥15, or 3rd part score of ≥1 can be used with high accuracy in diagnosing catatonia according to DSM-5. Internal consistency for both scales was found to be high (Cronbach's alpha 0.902 for BFCRS and 0.9, 0.891, 0.806 for KANNER Scale subsections). Inter-rater reliability was also high for most of the scale items (mean Kappa coefficient: 0.885 for BFCRS and 0.904 for KANNER Scale). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the Turkish adaptations of both scales were found to be valid and reliable, showing strong psychometric properties. This study is the first validity and reliability study for the KANNER Scale.