[Prognostic methods of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with ischemic heart disease after coronary bypass surgery under extracorporeal circulation]. / Prognozirovanie posleoperatsionnoi kognitivnoi disfunktsii u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa, perenesshikh operatsiiu koronarnogo shuntirovaniia v usloviiakh iskusstvennogo krovoobrashcheniia.

AIM: To work out the techniques of forecasting the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in early and late periods after coronary bypass surgery using fully connected multilayer neural networks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on the study of 264 patients with stroke, 9 neural network models for prognosis of cognitive dysfunction after coronary bypass surgery and 7 models for prognosis of cognitive dysfunction 12 months after surgery were built. Fully connected multilayer neural networks of direct propagation were used for working-out the prognostic techniques. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The high prognostic significance of neural networks in relation to cognitive disorders in early and late periods after coronary bypass surgery under extracorporeal circulation was demonstrated. Possibilities of creating neural networks make their application in cardiac surgery clinics available and promising.

[Mycelial fungi maintained in the Russia Collection of Microorganisms (VKM IBPM RAS)].

Information on application of diversity of mycelial fungi maintained in the Russia Collection of Microorganisms (VKM) at the Institute for Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences to research and biotechnology as producers is presented, as well as data on additions to the basic collection.

[Effect of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole on Candida mycoderma catalase in substrate oxidation]. / Vliianie 1,2,4-triaminotriazola na katalazu Candida mycoderma pri okislenii nekotorykh substratov.

The effect of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole on the activity of catalase was studied in the resting cells of Candida mycoderma when they oxidized glucose, ethanol and other alcohols. The compound was shown to inhibit the activity of catalase in the cells when the endogenous substrate and glucose were oxidized, but it had no effect on its activity during the oxidation of alcohols (C1-C4). Catalase is supposed to be involved in the oxidation of lower alcohols forming a complex with them and thus preventing the inhibiting action of 1,2,4-triaminotriazole.

[Hydrogen peroxide release into the medium by growing and resting yeast cells]. / Vydelenie perekisi vodoroda v sredu rastushchimi i pokoiashchimisia kletkami drozhzhei.

The yeast Candida mycoderma and its mutant lacking cytochrome oxidase and cytochromes b were grown in the glucose-mineral Rieder medium and liberated hydrogen peroxide. The evolution of hydrogen peroxide was found also in the resting cells of the parent strain and its mutant when they oxidized glucose, ethanol and endogenous substrates. The evolution of hydrogen peroxide was registered also during the growth of other yeast cultures, in particular, those belonging to Saccharomyces and Torulopsis.

[Effect of cultivation conditions on the cytochrome system of Candida mycoderma yeasts]. / Vliianie uslovii kul'tivirovaniia na tsitokhromnuiu sistemu drozhzhei Candida mycoderma.

The effect of aeration of the medium, the source of carbon, yeast autolysate and its components (amino acids, vitamins, cytochrome precursors) on the biosynthesis of cytochromes and the ratio between them was studied in the cells of Candida mycoderma. The content of cytochromes b and c increased in the cells at the stationary phase of growth on the Rieder medium regardless of the carbon source and in the presence of elevated concentrations of iron and yeast autolysate (or one of its components, delta-aminolevulinic acid), whereas the content of cytochromes a + a3 decreased. These changes in the content of cytochromes were found in the conditions of strong oxygen deficiency in the medium during the stationary phase.

[Effect of oxygen concentration and the physiological state of cells on the respiration chain of Candida mycoderma]. / Vliianie kontsentratsii kisloroda i fiziologicheskogo sostoianiia kletok na dykhatel'nuiu tsep' drozhzhei Candida mycoderma.

The effect of oxygen concentration and limitation of the cultural growth by the substrate to be oxidized on the functionation of the respiration chain and the ratio of cytochromes a : c : b was studied in intact cells of Candida mycoderma. As the concentration of oxygen in the medium decreases and the growth of the culture slows down, the cyanide-resistant pathway of electron transport (CrPET), which is inhibited by benzhydroxamic acid, is found in the yeast cells. At the same time, the content of cytochrome a in the cells decreases, probably because cytochrome oxidase is now less involved in electron transport via CrPET, whereas the content of cytochromes c and b increases. The latter fact seems to be due to the activation of the cytochrome-c-peroxidase pathway of electron transport whose functioning in the studied strain of C. mycoderma has been shown earlier. CrPET was found to function also at a high concentration of oxygen, but under conditions of the transition of the culture to the stationary phase, as well as during the incubation of resting cells taken at the exponential phase of growth. The manifestation of CrPET in conditions of a low concentration of oxygen can be caused not only by the direct effect of its deficiency on the respiration chain, but also by a change in the physiological state of yeast cells at their growth decelerates or ceases.

[Respiratory chain of Candida mycoderma]. / Dykhatel'naia tsep' drozhzhevogo organizma Candida mycoderma.

The respiration chain of the yeast Candida mycoderma was studied during its growth on glucose. Electrons can be transported from the pyridine nucleotide (PN) pool to oxygen by two pathways, as was shown in experiments with intact cells on the basis of inhibitory analysis of respiration and the extent of reduction of electron carriers. The first pathway is inhibited by cyanide and antimycin A; it includes PN, flavoprotein, (FP) and cytochromes b, c and a + a3. The second pathway of electron transport is resistant to cyanide (CrPET), includes PN and FP, lacks cytochromes, and is blocked by salicyl- or benzhydroxamic acid. Two flavoprotein NADH-dehydrogenases are present in the cells of C. mycoderma: one is sensitive to rotenone, the other is resistant to it. The terminal electron acceptor can be not only O2, but also H2O2; in the latter case, electron transport involves PN, FP, and cytochromes b and c. At the exponential growth phase, only the first pathway of electron transport, including rotenone-resistant NADH-dehydrogenase, functions. At the phase when the rate of growth decreased, both pathways of electron transport and the two dehydrogenases are involved. At the stationary phase, mainly CrPET functions, but both NADH-dehydrogenases participate.

[Electron transport chain of the Candida mycoderma mutant lacking cytochromes b and a+a3]. / Elektronperenosiashchaia tsep' mutanta Candida mycoderma, lishennogo tstitokhromov b i a+a3

Two electrontransport chains--"oxygen" and "peroxidase"--were found to operate in the mutant of Candida mycoderma lacking cytochromes b and a+a3; the terminal acceptors of electrons are oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The "oxygen" chain lacks cytochromes but contains pyridine nucleotides and flavoproteins; it is inhibited by rotenone and benzhydroxamic acid. The "peroxidase" chain consists of pyridine nucleotides, cytochrome c, and cytochrome c peroxidase; it is inhibited by cyanide.

[Effect of endogenous respiration of Candida mycoderma on the operation of the cytochrome system and the oxidation of glucose, ethanol and acids of the Krebs cycle]. / Vliianie endogennovo dykhaniia drozhzhei Candida mycoderma na okislenie imi gliukozy, etanola i kislot tsikla Krebsa i funktsionirovanie tsitokhromnoi sistemy

The kinetics of oxidation of glucose, ethanol, and acids of the Krebs cycle was studied in resting cells of Candida mycoderma which differed by the level of endogenous respiration (ER). The cells with ER close to zero oxidized glucose and ethanol almost at once and at a high rate. During oxidation of succinic or other acids of the Krebs cycle, QO2 was maximal only after a long period of adaptation (tad); a latent period (tlat) was observed sometimes during which assimilation of oxygen was either insignificant or not detected at all. The values of tad and tlat were much lower in the cells with high ER or upon preliminary introduction of small amounts of easily oxidized substrates (e. g. glucose or ethanol). During oxidation of succinate (citrate, malate or alpha-ketoglutarate) by the cells with ER close to zero, reduction of cytochrome c takes place only some time after the beginning of oxygen uptake. Such a delay suggests that oxidation of aforementioned substrates is initiated by some other electron carriers rather than by the cytochrome system.

[Function of cytochrome c in a mutant of Candida mycoderma yeasts lacking in cytochromes b and a+a3]. / Izuchenie funktsii tsitokhroma c mutanta drozhzhei Candida mycoderma, lishennogo tsitokhromov b i a+a3

The mutant of Candida mycoderma was studied, which lacked cytochromes b and a+a3. The mutant contained only cytochrome c which functioned with cytochrome c peroxidase in the absence of any cytochrome c oxidases.