RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemostatic markers can identify activation of the coagulation system in stroke patients. We evaluated whether the levels of these markers at the time of stroke are correlated with stroke severity, type, or mortality. METHODS: We measured fibrinopeptide A, cross-linked D-dimer, and beta-thromboglobulin in 70 patients within 1 week of stroke. We examined the association between the level of each of these markers and survival. We adjusted for the possible confounding effect of age, stroke type, or stroke severity using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 1.22 years. Fourteen patients died during follow-up. Univariate survival analysis identified age (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.12), stroke type (hazard ratio, 4.44; 95% CI, 1.29 to 15.23), initial Toronto Stroke Scale score (hazard ratio, 5.05; 95% CI, 2.08 to 12.27), cross-linked D-dimer (hazard ratio, 6.43; 95% CI, 2.83 to 14.62), fibrinopeptide A (hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.26 to 3.63), and beta-thromboglobulin (hazard ratio, 7.63; 95% CI, 2.22 to 26.28) as significantly associated with mortality. In a multivariate model, initial stroke severity and each of the hemostatic markers were independently associated with subsequent mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated hemostatic markers after acute ischemic stroke identify patients with increased risk for mortality. This association appears to be independent of stroke severity or stroke type.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidade , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/etiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores , Feminino , Hemostasia/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
A statistical evaluation of relationships between orthodontic treatment of Class II, Division 2 malocclusion and mandibular growth and position, finding significant positive effects of treatment.