Higiene social y organización de la salud pública como ciencia y asignatura de la enseñanza. Breve historia del desarrollo de la higiene social y la organización de la salud pública (fragmento) / Social hygiene and public health organization as science and curricula subject. Brief history of the development of social hygiene and public health organization (fragment)

La revolución científico-técnica, los colosales éxitos de la ciencia médica y los logros de la práctica de salud pública han contribuido al cambio radical de los tipos de patología, al proceso activo de especialización y de integración en la ciencia médica y la salud pública y al perfeccionamiento del trabajo de los órganos y las instituciones de salud pública. El análisis desde el punto de vista de la higiene social es una tarea importantísima que incumbe a los científicos y pedagogos de las cátedras de higiene social y de organización de salud pública. La higiene social y la organización de salud pública como una ciencia médica independiente es una de las asignaturas más complejas de la enseñanza médica. La misma tiene una gran importancia en la formación del futuro médico que busca solución a los problemas de la salud pública socialista y de la protección de la salud de la población de la Unión Soviética. Para asimilar los conocimientos en esta rama, a esta misma le debe preceder una sólida preparación de los estudiantes en disciplinas teóricas, médico-biológicas, sociales y clínicas. Precisamente por eso la higiene social y la organización de salud pública se enseña en los cursos superiores de los centros de enseñanza...(AU)

Oil sludge depository assessment using multivariate data analysis.

Oil-containing industrial wastes tend to accumulate and present a growing environmental danger. This is of particular concern in certain areas of Russia. For effective processing of depositories, the wastes' physico-chemical properties and depository characteristics should both be taken into account. Representative sample sets were collected from fifty four depositories of different age, origin, and location in Samara region and analyzed using multivariate data analysis: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least-Squares (PLS) regression. PCA results provide a better understanding of the internal data structure, i.e. variable correlations and groupings. Based on the PCA results, a new approach to the classification of oil sludge depositories has been suggested. Another practically important task of site assessment has been solved by PLS regression modeling. The method has been successfully applied to the accurate estimation of the depository processing profitability for a specific site.

Biogeochemical regioning problems and the biogeochemical selenium provinces in the former USSR.

Current trends in biogeochemical research in the former USSR are exemplified for the trace element selenium (Se). Vast regions of the former USSR are low in Se, giving rise to selenium deficiency diseases in animals and to Kaschin-Beck disease in humans, whereas isolated high-Se regions are comparatively rare. The Se content of plants depends on geological soil-type and secondary processes such as weathering and leaching. In general, a direct correlation between the Se content of feedstock and of the blood in animals is observed, whereas corresponding data for humans remain to be accumulated.

[Ways of developing economy-related thinking in future physicians at medical institutes]. / Puti formirovaniia ékonomicheskogo myshleniia vracha v vuze.

Highlighted are the problems of economic education of medical students. For the organization of such training it is proposed to introduce a programme of continuous education of medical students in health care economics carried out by the 1st I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Institute. The programme has been prepared on the basis of an original procedure of drawing up continuous programmes. Activity-associated approach to the learning process and its systematization serves as the basis for the proposed technique. In general the programme represents a system of educational aims in economic training developed from the generalized final aim by specialty through general aims of groups of subjects (hygienic, clinical, biomedical, etc.) to specific aim of a separate subject. The aims are determined by knowledge and skills. The final aim of economic training in medical institutes is defined as development of students' skills to determine and appraise economic efficacy of public health facilities involving the work of separate health workers, the activity of entire health care establishments and the state in general. The programme regulates general aims of groups of subjects but also leaves some freedom for choosing the subjects and the means of their mastering. The subjects' aims are presented as examples of problems to be solved by students. The programme introduction requires no extra schedule time since the solution of problems in economics needs only a few minutes. Thus the study of health economics in medical institutes can be significantly intensified.