[Comparative evaluation of the tolerability of proxofelin and clofelin and their effects on the eye in patients with glaucoma]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka perenosimosti i vliianiia na glaza bol'nykh glaukomoi proksofelina i klofelina.

Tolerance and effects of proxofelin (1% proxodolole and 0.25% clofelin) and clofelin were compared in 39 patients (50 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma by open and double-blind methods. Intraocular pressure, ocular hydrodynamics, arterial pressure, and heart rate were examined before and on day 28 of treatment. The hypotensive effect of proxofelin was more expressed than that of clofelin, the drugs decreasing intraocular pressure by 37 and 27% of the initial value, respectively. Proxofelin decreased ophthalmic tone, significantly increasing the coefficient of fluid discharge easiness by 50% and decreasing the production of aqueous humor by 51.9%, while clofelin slightly (14%) increased the coefficient of fluid discharge easiness and decreased intraocular pressure mainly at the expense of suppressing aqueous humor secretion. Hence, the combined drug is preferable in comparison with the monopreparation. Moreover, proxofelin was well tolerated by the patients, which differs it favorably from clofelin.

[Remote results of proxopheline therapy of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty lecheniia proksofelinom bol'nykh pervichnoi otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi.

Effects of an original Russian combined preparation proxofelin, consisting of 1% proxodolol and 0.25% clofelin solutions, on intraocular pressure (IOP), hydrodynamics, ocular function, arterial pressure, and heart rate have been evaluated in 42 patients (59 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma for up to 2 years. Examinations were carried out before proxofelin therapy and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of regular therapy (twice a day). Pronounced hypotensive effect on IOP (10.0 +/- 0.3-11.2 +/- 0.2 mm Hg) was due to a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the discharge easiness coefficient (by 50-77% in comparison with the initial value) and suppressed production of aqueous humor (by 40-50% of the initial level). Visual acuity did not change, visual field was significantly (p < 0.05) extended during all terms of examinations, changes in arterial pressure and heart rate during long-term therapy were negligible. The hypotensive effect of proxofelin was insufficient in 20% patients; in such cases its combination with pilocarpin was effective. In the rest patients tolerant IOP was attained by instillations of the monopreparation. Hence, proxofelin is an effective drug for treating primary open-angle glaucoma; its efficiency is apparently due to its hypotensive action.

[Therapy of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with proxofelin, a combined form of proxodolol]. / Kombinirovannaia forma proksodolola--proksofelin v lechenii bol'nykh pervichnoi otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi.

Effects of an original Russian combined preparation proxofelin consisting of 1% proxodolol and 0.25% clofelin solutions on intraocular pressure, ocular hemodynamics, pupil size, depth of the anterior chamber, ocular functions, arterial pressure, and heart rate were studied in 59 patients (80 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma. The studies were carried out on day 1 after a single instillation of the drug and after 4-8 weeks of its regular use. Obvious hypotensive effect on intraocular pressure is due to a significant increase of the discharge efficacy coefficient (by 0.06 +/- 0.008) and a 40% suppression of aqueous humor production. Comparison of the efficacies of proxofelin and proxodolol in primary open-angle glaucoma showed the advantages of the combined drug. Unlike cloefelin, the drug was well tolerated.

[Proxodolol, a new domestic preparation for lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma]. / Proksodolol--novyi otechestvennyi preparat dlia snizheniia vnutriglaznogo davleniia pri glaukome.

Effects of a Russian b-a-adrenoblocker proxodolol on the intraocular pressure, ocular hemodynamics, pupil diameter, ocular functions, arterial pressure, and heart rate were studied in 105 patients (163 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma. A manifest hypotensive effect of proxodolol was due to depression of aqueous humor production and improvement of its outflow. Comparative study of the efficacies of proxodolol and timolol maleate by the blind test and randomization demonstrated the identity of these drugs. A synergic effect on intraocular pressure was observed when proxodolol was combined with pilocarpine and/or klofelin.

[Results of pikamilon use in the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma]. / Rezul'taty primeneniia pikamilona v lechenii bol'nykh otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi.

Administration of pikamilon, a cerebrovascular and nootropic drug, to patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with normalized intraocular pressure and declining visual function resulted in improvement of the central and peripheral visual fields manifesting by improvement of individual sensitivity threshold, decreased area and intensity of scotomas; the treatment had a favorable effect on light sensitivity and vision acuity in some patients. No noticeable effect on arterial pressure was observed. The drug did not reduce the intraocular pressure.

[A clinico-pharmacological study of an ophthalmic drug form of proxodolol]. / Kliniko-farmakologicheskoe issledovanie glaznoi lekarstvennoi formy proksodolola.

The experiments on rabbits and the clinical studies of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma revealed that 1% and 2% solutions of the new beta-, alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug proxodolol had a marked antihypertensive effect. Proxodolol reduced intraocular pressure, by decreasing the rate of aqueous humor inflow. The study of the effects of proxodolol versus timolol on intraocular pressure showed that their antihypertensive effects were identical.

[Results of the use of betoptik (betaxolol) in the treatment of primary glaucoma]. / Rezul'taty primeneniia preparata betoptik (betaksolol) v lechenii pervichnoi glaukomy.

Effect of instillations of 0.5% betaxolol solution (Alcon) on intraocular pressure, ocular hydro- and hemodynamics, function, systemic arterial pressure, and pulse was studied in 35 patients (57 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma. The effects of betoptic and arutimol on the eyes are compared. Betoptic is characterized by a marked hypotensive effect explained by depression of aqueous humor production. The drug does not influence ocular function and hemodynamics. Comparison of the hypotensive effects of betaxolol and arutimol has shown that arutimol more effectively reduces intraocular pressure.

[Potentiation by promethazine of hypotensive effects of adrenergic drugs on intraocular pressure]. / Usilenie prometazinom gipotenzivnogo deistviia adrenergicheskikh sredstv na vnutriglaznoe davlenie.

Experiments including previous installations of promethazine (pipolphen) into the conjunctival sac followed by the topical administration of beta-adrenergic blocker timolol or a sympathomimetic drug isoptoepinal (adrenaline) have been performed on 24 rabbits (48 eyes). The substantial changes in the action mode of the mentioned drugs as the enhancement of their hypotensive effect on the intraocular pressure (IOP) have been demonstrated under the performance of the above mentioned procedure. When applied after promethazine instillations, timolol induced significantly increased outflow facility of the aqueous humor that was not usually noted in the cases of timolol topical instillations without a pretreatment of the eye with promethazine. The similar increased hypotensive effect on the IOP was noted for adrenaline when it has been used after promethazine treatment. The possible mechanisms underlying the changes in pharmacological activities of the investigated adrenergic drugs are discussed.

[Experience in long-term clofelin use in the treatment of glaucoma]. / Opyt dlitel'nogo primeneniia klofelina v terapii glaukomy.

A long (4-14 years, the mean period 7.8 +/- 1.5) follow-up of 52 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, regularly administered clofelin instillations (over the entire follow-up) has demonstrated a manifest hypotensive and a good functional result of such therapy. Despite reduction of systemic arterial pressure induced by clofelin instillations, rheo-ophthalmography has shown enhanced blood stream in ocular vessels. 52 percent of patients were administered no miotics but only clofelin (16 patients, 28 eyes) or clofelin+timolol (11 patients, 17 eyes).

[Effectiveness of anaprilin in the treatment of glaucoma]. / Effektivnost' anaprilina v lechenii glaukomy.

Effects of 1% anaprilin instillations on intraocular pressure, ocular hydro- and hemodynamics, anterior chamber depth, pupil width, ocular functions, systemic arterial pressure and pulse rate were studied in 57 patients (94 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma. Anaprilin has shown a manifest hypotensive effect, explained by depression of aqueous humor production. The drug did not influence the visual functions, pupil width, or anterior chamber depth. A synergic effect on intraocular pressure was observed when anaprilin was combined with pilocarpine or clopheline.

[Results of combined use of taufon and timolol in the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma]. / Rezul'taty sochetannogo primeneniia taufona i timolola pri lechenii bol'nykh otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi.

The effect of taufon and timolol maleate combination on intraocular pressure and ocular hemodynamics was studied in 44 patients (63 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma. Combined administration of these agents elevated almost twofold the fluid discharge efficacy coefficient and normalized Becker's coefficient in 68.6 percent of patients. The patients were followed up for 8 weeks. Taufon addition to timolol modified the action of this latter drug, normalizing the ocular hemodynamics.

[Effect of carnosine on intraocular pressure]. / Vliianie karnozina na vnutriglaznoe davlenie]

It has been demonstrated in experiments on non-anesthetized rabbits that conjunctival injection of carnosine (beta-alanyl 1-histidine) caused a decrease in normal intraocular pressure and reduced prostaglandin-induced ocular hypertension. The rapid onset of the pressure response and the absence of papillary dilation in rabbits treated with carnosine were observed. It is concluded that L-carnosine can be used as a potent drug for the prevention of reactive hypertension syndrome.

[Mechanisms of retinal damage in chloroquine retinopathy]. / Mekhanizmy povrezhdeniia setchatki pri khlorokhinovoi retinopatii.

The paper presents the results of comparative electron microscopic, electrophysiological and biochemical studies of chloroquine effect on lipid peroxidation (LPO) both in vitro and in vivo (rabbits and rats). It has been shown that the progress of chloroquine retinopathy was not accompanied by the increment of the initial LPO level, and the use of ionol antioxidant did not protect the retina from the adverse effect of chloroquine. Besides, chloroquine was shown to suppress LPO in vitro. The results obtained substantiate the idea that LPO is not the primary mechanism in chloroquine retinopathy.

[Effect of beta-adrenoblockers on prostaglandin-induced ocular hypertension in rabbits]. / Vliianie beta-adrenoblokatorov na prostaglandinovuiu glaznuiu gipertenziiu u krolikov.

It has been demonstrated in experiments on unanesthetized rabbits that propranolol instilled into the eye conjunctival sac caused a decrease in normal intraocular pressure and reduced prostaglandin-induced ocular hypertension. Thymolol and atenolol decreased the normal ophthalmic tone but did no affect eye hypertension. Oxprenolol and talinolol did not affect the normal ophthalmic tone and did not remove the elevation of intraocular pressure induced by PGE2.