Immune activity of Ki-67 during nasal polyp development.

OBJECTIVE: Nasal polyps are non-cancerous, soft painless growth of nasal mucosa. In this study, our aim was to investigate the Ki-67 expression level in nasal polyps by immunohistochemical method. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 30 patients with nasal polyps were included in this study. Nasal polyps were processed for paraffin wax embedding protocol. Samples were fixed and embedded in paraffin blocks. 5 µm sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin dye and immune stained with Ki-67 antibody. Sections were analyzed under light microscope. RESULTS: Blood parameters showed that white blood cells, hematocrit and platelet were higher than normal range. In sections of hematoxylin-eosin staining, elevated basal cells, thin basement membrane, leukocyte infiltration, collagen fibers degeneration were observed. Masson trichrome staining revealed that degenerative epithelial cells, detached basement membrane and edema were observed. Ki-67 expression was observed in mucosal epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells and plasma cells in immune staining. CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial degeneration in nasal polyps and leukocyte infiltration induce nasal adenoma. Ki-67 expression may be a diagnostic tool for epithelial leukocyte formation.

Angiotensin-1 and vimentin expression and ultrastructural examination in severe preeclampsia complicated by HELLP syndrome changes in the structure of the umbilical cord.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the histopathologic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes in the umbilical cord in women diagnosed with HELLP syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postpartum umbilical cords of 40 patients at the 35-38th week of pregnancy were included. 20 severe preeclamptic (HELLP) and 20 normal umbilical cords were used. After the follow-up of tissue parts of 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathology and immunohistochemistry, histopathological and angiopoietin-1 and vimentin antibodies were examined as immunohistochemical after routine paraffin follow-up. For electron microscope analysis, umbilical cord samples were taken into 2.5% glutaral aldehyde solution. RESULTS: In the statistical comparison, mean difference in increased diameter and additional anomaly on the ultrasound of preeclamptic patients was statistically different compared to control patients. In the HELLP group, hyperplasia and degenerative changes, pyknosis of the endothelial cell nuclei of the vessels and apoptotic changes in some regions were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that endothelial cells, basal membrane and fibroblast cells in the HELLP group expressed high levels of vimentin. Angiotensin-1 expression was increased in amniotic epithelial cells, endothelial cells and some pericyte cells. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, it was observed that the signaling that started with trophoblastic invasion with the effect of hypoxia in severe preeclampsia and continued with dysfunction in endothelial cells was parallel to the increase in angiotensin and vimentin receptors. It is thought that the ultrastructural change in endothelial cells may cause disruption of the collagenized structure in Wharton gel, which supports this, and may cause adverse effects in fetal development and nutrition.

Cross-leg free flap for emergency extremity salvage: case report.

The use of a cross-leg free flap and consequent limb salvage was successfully performed in a 10-year-old boy with a compound open fracture of the tibia, involving extensive skin and soft-tissue loss. This method should be kept in mind, as it may sometimes, in an emergency situation, lead to lower-extremity salvage, as in the case reported.

Replantation and triple expansion of a three-piece total scalp avulsion: six-year follow-up.

Total scalp avulsion in three scalp segments is an unusual injury. The authors describe the replantation of three scalp segments in a 15-year-old girl. Replantation of the middle scalp piece was unsuccessful, but a satisfactory aesthetic and functional result was obtained by expanding the same replanted tissue three times. Every effort should be undertaken to save the avulsed scalp, even in a severely damaged situation.

Actinomycosis of the frontal and parotid regions.

Cervicofacial actinomycosis still occurs infrequently and should be included in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms, and chronic suppurative and granulomatous lesions of the head and neck region. The authors present two cases of actinomycosis. Patient 1 was a 32-year-old man who was first seen with a firm, suppurative mass at his left frontal region. Patient 2 was a 36-year-old woman with an indurated mass at her left parotid area. Both patients were diagnosed histopathologically with cervicofacial actinomycosis, but each patient had a different clinical course and different response to antimicrobial and surgical treatments.

Prevention of cranial reossification after surgical craniectomy.

An experimental study in rats was designed to see whether the pericranium, used as a graft over the dura, can prevent or delay osseous reunion after craniectomy. A 10 x 3-mm section of the frontal and parietal bones, including the coronal suture line, was resected in 15 rats. Pericranium was then used as a free graft on one-half of the defect to cover the dura and separate it from the cut edges of the craniectomy. The other side acted as a control. All animals were killed 2 months after operation, the skull was removed, and any remaining bony defect on either side of the midline was revealed. The area of residual defect in 13 specimens was determined by statistical image analysis using the Oxford Modular Cataract Image Analysis System (Oxford, England) and Wilcoxon's rank sum test and showed a highly significant difference between the treated and the untreated sides (p = 0.002).

The effects of soft tissue coverage on bone graft resorption in the craniofacial region.

Experiments were performed to study the amount of resorption of endochondral bone grafts in pockets covered by muscle tissue compared to pockets covered by subcutaneous tissue in immature rabbits at 16 weeks post-grafting. In the first group the grafts were used as onlays on the buccal surfaces of the mandible with cover by masseter on one side of the face and subcutaneous tissues on the other. The second experiment was similar but the grafts were fixed semi-rigidly with wiring. In the third the grafts were used as onlays on the cranium with muscle or subcutaneous tissue coverage. The fourth group of bone grafts were implanted into muscle and subcutaneous tissue pockets in the abdominal wall. Bone graft resorption was significantly greater when covered by muscle than by subcutaneous tissue. This effect is probably mediated by movement imparted to the graft by adjacent active muscle, and over-rides any benefits of increased vascularising potential muscle may have. Semi-rigid fixation offered no protection against this effect.