[Analysis of the segmental structure of EEG alpha-activity in humans]. / Analiz segmentnoi struktury al'fa-aktivnosti EEG cheloveka.

Phasic organisation of human EEG alpha activity was studied in a pilot investigation using a previously suggested EEG segmental analysis methodology. The EEG was recorded in three normal subjects under resting conditions. The segmentation procedure enabled effective identifying of the periods with different amplitude in alpha band and the short-term transitions between them. Mean intersegmental variability of amplitude envelope were computed for the eyes closed and eyes open EEG in each of 16 standard derivations. Analysis of segment amplitude distributions showed that the difference between the average alpha activity amplitude in these conditions were determined mainly by variations in the number of segments of different amplitude classes and not by a shift of the distribution or by change of its width. Distribution and quartile analysis of mean segment amplitudes provide evidence for possible functional heterogeneity of upper and middle subranges of the amplitude range.

[The adaptive classification of the dynamic spectral patterns in the human EEG]. / Adaptivnaia klassifikatsiia dinamicheskikh spektral'nykh patternov EEG cheloveka.

The classification technique of single spectra based on a matrix of intercorrelation between these spectra and the fixed set of standard spectral patterns (SP) has been put forward. Including in the classification technique a special procedure for automatic adaptation of the standard SP to given EEG records makes it possible to reduce the number of unclassified single spectra to a minimum (6-10%), which we can ignore during comparative analysis of the EEG classification profiles. Using the universal set of standard SP makes it possible to compare the results of classification of different EEG records. The results of the analysis of classification profiles of human multichannel EEG during performance of the memory task on perception of visual images are described in the paper. It has been shown that both the total EEG reorganization associated with the alpha rhythm blockade during eyes opening and less noticeable EEG shifts accompanying changes in the stages of cognitive activity are underlain by a rather differentiated transformations of relative contributions of each type of the SP into the total power spectrum. It has been revealed that a relatively small part (15-20%) of the elementary EEG segments participates in the reorganization of the EEG classification profile.

[The use of pylorus-sparing operations in treating duodenal peptic ulcer complicated by stenosis]. / Primenenie pilorosokhraniaiushchikh operatsii v lechenii iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki, oslozhnennoi stenozom.

Based on an analysis of immediate (388 patients) and long-term (259 patients) results of surgical treatment of ulcer disease of the duodenum complicated by stenosis the authors made a conclusion that selective proximal vagotomy in combination with dissection of the ulcer substrate (the stenosis area) without injuries of the pyloric constrictor is the operation of choice in treatment of ulcerous duodenal stenosis resulting in less lethality (0.52%), in practical exclusion of the development of functional disorders and impaired nutrition of the patients.

[Draining surgery of the main biliary tract in the surgical treatment of chronic and acute pancreatitis]. / Dreniruiushchie operatsii na magistral'nykh zhelchnykh putiakh pri khirurgicheskom lechenii khronicheskogo i ostrogo pankreatita.

The authors studied the site of draining operations on the biliary tract in 160 patients with biliary pancreatitis. Among 64 patients with chronic pancreatitis 41 (64.1%) were subjected to various draining operations on the biliary system, one patient died. In a group of 96 patients with acute biliary cholecystitis 47 (48.8%) underwent internal drainage of the biliary tract and 49 (51.1%) patients were treated by external drainage. Four patients died. The late-term results were studied in 25 patients of each group: in group 1 the results were good in 22, satisfactory in 2, and poor in 1 patient; in group 2 the respective results were encountered in 19, 4, and 2 patients. The authors claim that various draining operations on the common bile duct are conductive to improvement of the immediate and late-term results of treatment of various forms of biliary pancreatitis.

[Pancreatitis associated with diseases of the stomach, duodenum and biliary tract]. / Pankreatit v sochetanii s zabolevaniiami zheludka, dvenadtsatiperstnoikishki i zhelchevyvodiashchikh putei.

The authors studied experience with simultaneous operations in 39 patients with coexisting diseases of the stomach, duodenum, biliary tract, and pancreas. A total of 31 operations were carried out in 14 patients with various forms of acute pancreatitis and 54 in 25 patients with chronic pancreatitis. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period from destructive postoperative pancreatitis. Simultaneous operations can be conducted under conditions of modern anesthesiological and intensive care without increasing mortality rates, which contributes to improvement of the immediate and late results of treatment of patients with concomitant digestive diseases.

[Terminolateral choledochoduodenal anastomosis]. / Terminolateral'nyi kholedokhoduodenoanastomoz.

A technique of the terminolateral choledochoduodenal anastomosis formation in 37 patients with impaired patency of bile ducts and indurative pancreatitis in presence of the common ampulla of the bile duct and pancreatic duct is presented. After the operation, the complications developed in 5 patients, 2 died. The result of treatment in observation of up to 4 years in 28 patients is good, in 2--satisfactory, in 2--bad (reoperated).

[Indications for choledochotomy and methods for its performance]. / Pokazaniia k kholedokhotomii i metody ee zaversheniia.

Experience in the treatment of 238 patients for nontumorous lesions of the biliary tract by choledochotomy is generalized. Choledochotomy was performed in obstructive jaundice during the operation, in cholangiolithiasis, suppurative cholangitis, strictures of the terminal part of the choledochus, and indurative pancreatitis which were attended by biliary hypertension. Diagnostic choledochotomy was undertaken only in 5.8% of patients. Twenty-two (9.2%) patients died after choledochotomy. The method of completing choledochotomy was chosen individually according to the character of the pathological changes in the bile ducts and the acuteness of the inflammatory process. Choledochotomy was completed by external drainage of the common bile duct in 116 patients, by complete suturing of the choledochus in 19, by creation of bile-draining anastomoses in 89, and by papillosphincterotomy in 14 patients. Terminal and lateral choledochoduodenoanastomosis was formed in 25 patients, with good immediate results. Mortality was highest after papillosphincterotomy and external drainage of the choledochus.

[Diagnosis and treatment of mechanical jaundice]. / Diagnostika i lechenie mekhanicheskoi zheltukhi.

The article generalizes an experience with the treatment of 276 patients with mechanical jaundice. The correct diagnosis was made in 75% of cases by routine clinical methods, while laparoscopy gave the correct diagnosis in 92% of the patients. Benign jaundice was found in 218 patients, 216 of them being operated upon. Eighteen patients died after operation (8.3%). Most patients were subjected to associated operations. Terminolateral choledochal anastomosis which was used in 22 patients is positively estimated. Tumors were responsible for jaundice in 58 patients (21%). All of these patients were operated upon. Eight patients died after operation (13.8%).