[Role of ambulatory care in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer]. / Rol' dispanserizatsii v diagnostike melkokletochnogo raka legkogo.

Data on detection of small cell lung cancer in the course of mass screenings are presented. Small cell lung carcinoma was identified in 17.5% of all those who underwent check-ups (stage 1-1,5; stage II--16.7; stage III--30.3 and stage IV--51.5%).

[Bone scintigraphy in the preoperative determination of the stage of breast cancer]. / Osteostsintigrafiia v predoperatsionnom opredelenii stadii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

As for the frequency of metastases to the bones breast cancer ranks third among all tumors, as for the general frequency of metastases it ranks first (25-45%). Early diagnosis of breast cancer metastases to the bones using scintigraphy of the skeleton in the preoperative period gives an opportunity to reveal tumor dissemination and to provide adequate treatment without imposing on patients inappropriate therapeutic measures. The study was performed using 99mTc-pyrophosphate. In revealing the foci of high activity accumulation by more than 20% as compared to symmetrical or adjacent zones, the changes were looked upon as metastatic ones. Out of 85 patients foci of high activity accumulation in the skeleton were noted in 7 (8.3%). In 5 patients, metastases were confirmed directly on roentgenography, and in 2 patients, they manifested themselves 2 and 5 months later. Stage I-IIa disease was observed in 48 (56.5%) out of the 85 patients. Out of the 40 patients with Stage I disease, skeletal metastases confirmed by x-ray were found in 2. All 7 patients were given together with mastectomy adjuvant treatment. Thus scintigraphy of the skeleton together with chest x-ray, liver scintigraphy, physical examination and palpation should become obligatory in the preoperative examination of patients to specify breast cancer stage.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of treating breast cancer metastases to the bones by the "no-pain index"]. / Otsenka po "bezbolevomu indeksu" éffektivnosti lecheniia metastazov raka molochnoi zhelezy v kosti.

The results of evaluation of treatment of 98 breast cancer patients with bone metastases are presented. Metastases appeared 6 months -- 15 years after treatment; on the average, they appeared 20.2 months after treatment. Patients received complex therapy -- radiation and medication. The results of treatment were assessed on the basis of subjective (abatement or cessation of pain) and objective (bone reparation) criteria. Objective effect was observed in 4%, subjective one -- in 68.3% of cases. Apart from survival time and remission, the results of treatment were evaluated on the basis of the duration of painless period expressed by means of "no-pain index" -- the ratio of the painless period duration to survival time which elapsed since skeletal metastasis detection, multiplied by 100. The study showed that complex therapy has a considerable palliative effect in some cases -- abatement or cessation of pain for over 54--60% of the survival time of patients.