Redox condensation of o-halonitrobenzene with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: involvement of an unexpected auto-catalyzed redox cascade.

A practical synthesis of fused benzimidazoles 5 has been developed by simply heating o-halonitrobenzenes 1 with tetrahydroisoquinolines 2. In this transformation, 2 played multiple roles as a building block, base and a double hydride donor in a cascade of uncatalyzed aromatic substitution, reduction of the nitro group, oxidation of the α-methylene group and condensation.

[New aspects of diabetes]. / Nouveaux aspects du diabète.

Type II diabetes is a serious, insidious disease which is growing at an impressive rate, with 200 million diabetics worldwide and as many who ignore their state. Having been seriously studied over more than a century and a half, an enormous quantity of knowledge regarding this disease has been accumulated. The research we are conducting has allowed us to identify the most important actors responsible for diabetes. These are glucose which leads to glyoxal and to methylglyoxal which in turn reacts with innumerable targets in the organism (including insulin) unless prevented from doing so by detoxifying mechanisms (e.g., glyoxalases). The role of microorganisms in the occurrence and development of diabetes has also to be seriously examined.

[Mitotic regimen in skin tumors]. / Mitoticheskii rezhim v nekotorykh opukholiakh kozhi.

The results of the study of mitotic regimen (mitotic activity, ratio of mitotic phases, and percentage of pathological mitoses) in basal cell papilloma, basalioma, pigmented nevus and melanoma are presented. Differences in the mitotic regimen in basal cell papilloma and basalioma were observed consisting in a two-fold increase in the number of pathological mitoses in basalioma as compared with basal cell papilloma, all other indices of the mitotic regimen being similar. Marked differences in all parameters of the mitotic regimen were observed in pigmented nevus and melanoma: a considerable increase in mitotic activity, the number of pathological mitoses and the number of metaphases in melanoma.

[Mitotic conditions in primary and metastatic nodes of breast and cervix cancer]. / Mitoticheskii rezhim v pervichnom i metastaticheskom uzlakh molochnoi zhelezy i sheiki matki.

The results of the study on the mitotic regimen (mitotic activity ratios of mitosis phases and percent of pathological mitoses) in primary and metastatic nodes of the tumour by the example of mammary gland and cervical carcinoma are presented. A similarity in the mitotic regimen in primary and metastatic nodes of the tumour was observed which was manifested in a high level of mitotic activity predominance of metaphases over other phases of mitosis, the occurrence of similar pathological forms of mitosis. The difference between the mitotic regimen in the primary and metastatic nodes consisted in an increase in the latter of the number of pathological mitoses mostly at the expence of K-mitoses. Three-group metaphase typical of cervical carcinoma was found in all metastatic nodes of the squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and may probably serve as a peculiar "marker" of tumours of this localization.

[Differential diagnosis of epithelial tumors of the bladder by means of determination of their mitotic system]. / Differentsial'naia diagnostika epitelial'nykh opukholei mochevogo puzyria putem opredeleniia ikh mitoticheskogo rezhima.

The results of the study of the mitotic regimen (mitotic activity, ratio of mitosis phases and percentage of pathological mitoses) in epithelial tumours of the urinary bladder are presented. Different tumours of the urinary bladder were found to have their own mitotic regimen which may be used as an additional criterion in the diagnosis of epithelial tumours of the urinary bladder.