Unusual location of myxopapillary ependymoma in the sacrum: Case report and review of the literature.

Myxopapillary ependymoma, a rare variant of ependymoma, commonly occurs in the conus medullaris or filum terminale. The rarity of these tumors can make their diagnosis and treatment challenging. This case report presents an atypical occurrence of myxopapillary ependymoma within the sacrum in a 68-year-old patient presented with a 3-month history of persistent left-sided low back pain radiating to the legs and fecal dysfunction. The patient underwent a sacral laminectomy and subtotal excision of the tumor, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with favorable outcomes. This report highlights the significance of tailored approaches for unconventional tumor locations emphasizes the potential benefits of multimodal treatment strategies and provides insights from a comprehensive literature review on similar cases.

Synergizing Expertise and Technology: The Artificial intelligence Revolution in Radiotherapy for Personalized and Precise Cancer Treatment.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has truly revolutionized many fields, including healthcare. In radiation oncology, AI has emerged as a powerful tool for improving the speed, accuracy and overall quality of radiotherapy treatments. The radiotherapy workflow involves complex processes that require coordination between healthcare professionals with diverse skills. AI and deep learning methods offer unprecedented potential to transform this workflow by leveraging imaging modalities, digital data processing and advanced software algorithms. Despite the revolutionary potential, challenges remain in seamlessly integrating AI into clinical workflows. Ethical considerations, data privacy, and algorithm interpretability necessitate cautious implementation. Additionally, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration between AI experts and radiation oncologists is imperative to harness the technology's full potential. This paper explores the impact of AI in four key areas of radiotherapy: automated segmentation, dosimetric and machine quality assurance, adaptive radiation therapy, and clinical outcome prediction. Key words: Artificial intelligence, Radiotherapy, Workflow, Accuracy, cancer ,machine-learning.

Bladder carcinosarcoma treated by cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with good outcomes: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary carcinosarcoma of the bladder is a rare and highly aggressive tumor, representing less than 1% of all bladder neoplasms. There is no specific treatment guideline has for carcinosarcoma of the bladder, and majority of published patients was treated exclusively by surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of 65-year-old Moroccan man, presented with macroscopic hematuria, pollakiuria and painful urination. Histological analysis showed a biphasic epithelial and mesenchymal proliferation, with invasion of lamina propria and muscularis, compatible with diagnosis of bladder carcinosarcoma. The patient was treated with cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy based on gemcitabin-cisplatin, 18 months after treatment, patient still free of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Carcinosarcoma of the urinary bladder is a rare and aggressive tumor regardless treatment. A multidisciplinary management based on radical cystectomy and combined adjuvant treatments can improve prognosis. In this work, we suggest to propose adjuvant chemotherapy whenever possible.

Protective Effect of Some Essential Oils Against Gamma-Radiation Damages in Tetrahymena pyriformis Exposed to Cobalt-60 Source.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum compactum, Lavandula angustifolia, and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils (EOs) against gamma-radiation-induced damages on Tetrahymena pyriformis growing in presence of cobalt-60 source. The chemical composition of the 4 EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The protective effects of EOs on growth, on morphology, and on some metabolic enzymes and antioxidant markers have been evaluated. Thus, addition of EOs significantly improves the growth parameters (generation number and time) in irradiating conditions. All EOs allowed restoring growth parameters over more than 90% compared to the controls. The morphological analysis indicated that T. pyriformis cells growing in irradiating conditions were able to regain their normal form in presence of the different EOs. Our results indicate that the 4 EOs also have protective effects on some metabolic enzymes. They allowed recovering totally or partially the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the succinate dehydrogenase activities compared to the controls. Moreover, the addition of EOs reduced the lipid peroxidation level and decreased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase induced by the gamma-radiation exposure. A more pronounced protective effect was found for O. compactum and L. angustifolia EOs compared to R. officinalis and E. globulus EOs. These results suggest that the studied EOs are efficient natural antioxidants that could offer protection against gamma-radiation-induced damages and can therefore be useful in clinical medicine.

Primary urachal adenocarcinoma treated effectively with surgery and post operative chemoradiation therapy: Case Report with review of the literature.

Urachal carcinomas is a rare and aggressive tumor, accounting for less than 1% of all bladder cancers. We report a case of a 32-year-old man, with no past medical history, complaining of a total hematuria. The abdominal computed tomography scan revealed an exophytic mass of 3 cm on the dome of the bladder, extending to the urachus. The computed tomography scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis did not show neither regional or distant metastasis. Partial Cystectomy with umbilectomy was performed. Histopathology was in favor of urachal adenocarcinoma, classed pT3a, based on Sheldon's staging system, pT2b based on Mayo system, and pT2 based on Ontario system.

Metastasis to the pancreas: a rare site for secondary malignancy of breast cancer (a case report).

Breast cancer is the most frequent invasive cancer in women and the second cause of death by cancer in women after lung cancer. It causes metastases especially to bones, liver and lungs. Pancreatic metastases from a primary breast neoplasm are rare and unusual, occurring in less than 3% of the cases. There have been only 28 cases described in the literature. This paper adds one more case to the published literature. We present a case of pancreatic metastasis of the breast in a 64-year-old female and a discussion based on a review of the literature.

Coverage rate of ADME genes from commercial sequencing arrays.

Pharmacogenomics offers remarkable potential for the rapid translation of discoveries into changes in clinical practice. In the present work, we are interested in evaluating the ability of commercially available genome-wide association sequencing chips to cover genes that have high pharmacogenomics potential.We used a set of 2794 variations within 369 absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) genes of interest, as previously defined in collaboration with the Pharma ADME consortium. We have compared the Illumina TrueSeq and both Agilent SureSelect and HaloPlex sequencing technologies. We have developed Python scripts to evaluate the coverage for each of these products. In particular, we considered a specific list of 155 allelic variants in 34 genes which present high pharmacogenomics potential. Both the theoretical and practical coverage was assessed.Given the need to have a good coverage to establish confidently the functionality of an enzyme, the observed rates are unlikely to provide sufficient evidence for pharmacogenomics studies. We assessed the coverage using enrichment technology for exome sequencing using the Illumina Trueseq exome, Agilent SureSelectXT1 V4 and V5, and Haloplex exome, which offer a coverage of 96.12%, 91.61%, and 88.38%, respectively.Although pharmacogenomic advances had been limited in the past due in part to the lack of coverage of commercial genotyping chips, it is anticipated that future studies that make use of new sequencing technologies should offer a greater potential for discovery.

Purification and partial characterization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila.

In the present study, we purified the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) which is involved in cellular energy production and has important housekeeping functions, from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila using a three-step procedure. The enzyme was purified ~68 folds by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by two steps of column chromatography (DEAE-cellulose and Mono-S). The purified enzyme is a homotetramer with a molecular weight of ~120 kDa. Isoelectric focusing analysis showed the presence of only one basic GAPDH isoform with an isoelectric point of 8.8. Western blot analysis showed a single 32-kDa band corresponding to the enzyme subunit using a monospecific polyclonal antibody against the T. thermophila GAPDH. The maximum of enzyme activity occurred at pH 8.0 and at 30-35°C. The apparent K(m) values for both NAD(+) and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate were 0.102 ± 0.012 and 0.360 ± 0.018 mM, respectively. The maximal velocity (V(max)) was 39.40 ± 2.95 U/mg. The T. thermophila GAPDH is inhibited by oxidative and nitrosative stress reagents.