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1.
Educ. med. (Ed. impr.) ; 20(1): 42-48, ene.-feb. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-191547

RESUMO

En este trabajo se plantea cómo debería ser hoy la actuación del profesor de universidad en y desde la primera clase del curso como contraste a lo que era hace unos pocos años y que todavía perdura en gran medida. Se comienza insistiendo en la necesidad de compartir las concepciones epistemológicas de diferentes términos, como aprender, enseñar, etc., entre profesores y alumnos; se continúa con la recomendación de que el profesor sea estratégico, analizando también el rol del alumno y su carga estratégica y la ligereza con que se manejan las competencias. Seguidamente se analiza la guía docente y se recomienda el alineamiento constructivo en su elaboración, se describen las partes o sectores de la misma y se finaliza señalando lo estratégico en la actuación docente


The aim of this paper is to state what the college teacher's performance should be today in and from the first class of the course (first honnour class) as a contrast to what it was a few years ago and that still persists to a great extent. It begins by insisting on the need to share the epistemological conceptions of different terms such as learning, teaching, etc. between teachers and students; continue with the recommendation that the teacher must be strategic, analyzing also the role of the student and its strategic load and the lightness with which the competences are handled. Next, the learning guide is analyzed and constructive alignment is recommended in its elaboration, then the parts or sectors of the same are described and the paper finalizes indicating the strategic in the teaching performance


Assuntos
Humanos , Aprendizagem , Docentes , Estudantes , Educação em Saúde/normas , Cognição
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(2): 106, 2016 Mar 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27238788

RESUMO

Objetivo: poco se conoce sobre el impacto de orlistat en el sistema leptina. Estudiamos la respuesta de la leptina plasmática y la sensación de saciedad tras dos días de tratamiento con orlistat sin dieta hipocalórica ni pérdida de peso. Material y métodos: reclutamos veinte mujeres obesas en nuestras consultas externas de medicina. Habían recibido restricción dietética y modificación del estilo de vida, pero se habían mantenido obesas con peso corporal estable durante seis meses antes de su inclusión en el estudio. Resultados: las pacientes tomaron 120 mg de orlistat 3 veces al día y mantuvieron su dieta habitual. Al inicio y dos días después del tratamiento con orlistat se repitieron el examen físico, la sensación de hambre y la analítica. No hubo diferencias significativas en el consumo de energía de la dieta, el peso corporal y la relación cintura-cadera, así como en glucosa sérica, insulina y péptido C. Solamente las concentraciones de leptina y triglicéridos en suero disminuyeron (p: 0,0001 y 0,01, respectivamente). La disminución de la concentración de leptina en suero se correlacionó positivamente con cambios en la concentración de triglicéridos (p: 0.01, r2: 0,45). La sensación de hambre aumento antes de la cena y se correlacionó negativamente con la disminución de la leptina (p: 0,0001, r2: 0,74) y triglicéridos (p: 0,02, r2: 0.59). Conclusión: estos datos sugieren que la malabsorción parcial de grasas por el tratamiento con orlistat disminuye rápidamente los niveles plasmáticos de triglicéridos y leptina. Este descenso se asoció con aumento del apetito antes de la ingesta que sigue a la comida principal del día.


Assuntos
Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacologia , Lactonas/farmacologia , Leptina/sangue , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Orlistate , Resposta de Saciedade/efeitos dos fármacos , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Redução de Peso
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(2): 292-297, mar.-abr. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-153176

RESUMO

Objective: Little is known about the impact of orlistat on the leptin system. We studied the plasma leptin and satiety sensation response for two days of orlistat treatment without hypocaloric diet and weight loss. Material and methods: Twenty obese female subjects were recruited from our medical outpatient clinics. All of these subjects had previously received advice on dietary restriction and lifestyle modification, but remained obese with a stable body weight for at least six months before recruitment for the study. Results: Subjects were given 120 mg orlistat 3 times daily and were asked to maintain their usual diet. At baseline and two days after the treatment with orlistat, physical examination, hunger and blood analysis were repeated. There were no significant differences observed regarding energy dietary intake, body weight and waist-hip ratio, or in plasma glucose, insulin c-peptide concentrations. Only plasma leptin and triglycerides concentrations decreased (p: 0.0001 and 0.01 respectively). Decrease in plasma leptin concentration was positively correlated with changes observed in plasma triglycerides concentration (p: 0.01, r2: 0.45). Pre-dinner hunger increased and was negatively correlated with decrease in leptin (p: 0.0001, r2: 0.74) and triglycerides (p: 0.02, r2: 0.59). Conclusion: These data suggest that the partial fat malabsorption induced by the treatment with orlistat quickly reduces plasma triglycerides and leptin. This decrease is associated with increased appetite before intake following the main meal of the day (AU)


Objetivo: poco se conoce sobre el impacto de orlistat en el sistema leptina. Estudiamos la respuesta de la leptina plasmática y la sensación de saciedad tras dos días de tratamiento con orlistat sin dieta hipocalórica ni pérdida de peso. Material y métodos: reclutamos veinte mujeres obesas en nuestras consultas externas de medicina. Habían recibido restricción dietética y modificación del estilo de vida, pero se habían mantenido obesas con peso corporal estable durante seis meses antes de su inclusión en el estudio. Resultados: las pacientes tomaron 120 mg de orlistat 3 veces al día y mantuvieron su dieta habitual. Al inicio y dos días después del tratamiento con orlistat se repitieron el examen físico, la sensación de hambre y la analítica. No hubo diferencias significativas en el consumo de energía de la dieta, el peso corporal y la relación cintura-cadera, así como en glucosa sérica, insulina y péptido C. Solamente las concentraciones de leptina y triglicéridos en suero disminuyeron (p: 0,0001 y 0,01, respectivamente). La disminución de la concentración de leptina en suero se correlacionó positivamente con cambios en la concentración de triglicéridos (p: 0.01, r2: 0,45). La sensación de hambre aumento antes de la cena y se correlacionó negativamente con la disminución de la leptina (p: 0,0001, r2: 0,74) y triglicéridos (p: 0,02, r2: 0.59). Conclusión: estos datos sugieren que la malabsorción parcial de grasas por el tratamiento con orlistat disminuye rápidamente los niveles plasmáticos de triglicéridos y leptina. Este descenso se asoció con aumento del apetito antes de la ingesta que sigue a la comida principal del día (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Antiobesidade/uso terapêutico , Leptina/análise , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Apetite , Resposta de Saciedade
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(2): 472-481, mar.-abr. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-153331

RESUMO

Orlistat induces weight loss by blocking hydrolysis of triglyceride in the intestine, and has thereby been associated with favorable changes in postprandial triglycerides (ppTGL). Some epidemiological studies have identified ppTGL concentrations as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Oral fat loading test (OFLT) has been used for screening of elevated levels of ppTGL. The objective of the present systematic review is to present available data on the effects of orlistat on OFLT. We found 11 studies, seven of which studied the effect of a single dose of orlistat on OFLT in three healthy volunteers, one with obesity, two with type-2 diabetes and one with hyperlipidemic patients. The other four studied the effect of orlistat on OFLT, but after a previous period of time with daily treatment with orlistat: 1 healthy volunteer, 2 obese volunteers, and one patient with hyperlipidemia. Our systematic review suggests that orlistat can help to reduce postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in obese, dyslipemic and type-2 diabetic patients. Regarding free fatty acids, they could be reduced but not all the authors have found the same results. In relation to type-2 diabetic patients, we have found three studies with conflicting results on the immediate effect of orlistat on the postprandial GLP-1 response. In conclusion, orlistat can help to reduce postprandial plasmatic TGL, especially in patients with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia related to obesity, dyslipidemia or type-2 diabetes (AU)


Orlistat induce la pérdida de peso mediante el bloqueo de la hidrólisis de triglicéridos en el intestino, por lo que también se asocia con cambios favorables en los triglicéridos posprandiales (PHTGL). Algunos estudios epidemiológicos han identificado concentraciones PHTGL como un importante factor de riesgo para la enfermedad cardiovascular. El test de sobrecarga oral de grasa (TSOG) se ha utilizado para la detección de niveles elevados de PHTGL. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es presentar los datos disponibles sobre los efectos de orlistat en TSOG. Encontramos 11 estudios, de los cuales 7 estudian el efecto de una sola dosis de orlistat en el TSOG: 3 con voluntarios sanos, 1 con obesidad, 2 con diabetes de tipo 2 y 1 con pacientes hiperlipidémicos. Los otros 4 estudian también el efecto de orlistat en el TSOG, pero después de un periodo de tiempo previo con un tratamiento diario con orlistat: 1 con voluntarios sanos, 2 con obesidad y 1 con un paciente con hiperlipidemia. Nuestra revisión sistemática sugiere que orlistat puede ayudar a reducir la hipertrigliceridemia posprandial en pacientes obesos, dislipémicos y con diabetes de tipo 2. Respecto a los ácidos grasos libres plasmáticos, también los podría reducir, pero no todos los autores han encontrado los mismos resultados. En pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2 se han encontrado tres estudios con resultados contradictorios sobre el efecto inmediato de orlistat en la respuesta postprandial de GLP-1. En conclusión, orlistat puede ayudar a reducir los TGL plasmáticos posprandiales, especialmente en pacientes con hipertrigliceridemia posprandial relacionada con obesidad, dislipemia y diabetes de tipo 2 (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gorduras/farmacocinética , Hipertrigliceridemia/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Antiobesidade/farmacocinética , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidores , Período Pós-Prandial , Dislipidemias/fisiopatologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia
5.
BMC Res Notes ; 4: 185, 2011 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21672230

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We analyse magnesium levels in amniotic fluid to establish normal values for the 14th to 18th week of pregnancy and establish critical values that could be useful diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for possible complications. FINDINGS: Ninety-two samples of amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis as well as the corresponding serum samples of pregnant women were analysed. The gestational age (mean ± SD) at which the amniotic fluid sample was obtained was 16.13 ± 1.87 weeks. Magnesium levels were determined by colorimetric assay with chlorophosphonazo-III using the the Cobas c 501 analyser (Roche Diagnostics). Statistical treatment of data was performed using the SPSS program, version 15.0.Results revealed a mean magnesium value of 1.65 ± 0.16 mg/dL in amniotic fluid and 1.97 ± 0.23 mg/dL in serum. CONCLUSIONS: It would be interesting to extend the study to a larger number of pregnant women to determine variations in normal magnesium values in the three trimesters of pregnancy.

6.
Magnes Res ; 21(1): 51-7, 2008 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18557134

RESUMO

Serum Mg is an important biochemical parameter in the context of clinical medicine for monitoring patients and for helping to diagnose some pathologies. The clinical laboratories must offer analytical results of quality in all parameters determined, demonstrating this way the laboratory "skill competence". The aim of this study was to revalidate (ISO 15189 standard) some different colorimetric methods for Mg determination in serum used in clinical and/or biochemical laboratories in four hospitals in Spain, on the basis of results of interlaboratory comparison programmes: Bio-Rad EQAS and external quality control SEQC. Precision and inaccuracy were estimated by analysis of records of an external quality control programme for Mg. The precision and inaccuracy values obtained were both less than 10%, except in one hospital in which the precision was less than 15%. These values of precision and inaccuracy obtained may be considered highly satisfactory taking into account the validation requirement for these ones: less than 10%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the new revalidation methodology for diagnostic methods in medicine, which does not require any disruption of the laboratory's routine activity and which can be used even if the method in question has not been validated previously. It is also suggested that the ideas and requirements of ISO 15189 should be followed by the research laboratories.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/normas , Laboratórios Hospitalares/normas , Magnésio/sangue , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espanha
7.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 123(1-3): 277-80, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18259694

RESUMO

Stricter regulations and controls for environmental lead have resulted in significantly lower frequency and reduced severity of chronic and acute lead intoxication. The aim of the present study was to update established reference ranges for lead in whole blood of healthy adults residing in Zaragoza and its region in northeastern Spain. The mean blood level was 2.94 +/- 2.02 microg/dl, with a median of 2.43 microg/dl (n = 156). For women, the mean was 2.29 +/- 1.64 microg/dl (n = 73) and for men 3.51 +/- 2.16 microg/dl (n = 83). The difference between genders is statistically significant (p < 0.005). Our results confirm an ongoing decline in blood lead levels in the studied region, which in 1989 were found to average 13.17 +/- 3.47 microg/dl. In addition, there is a clear need to take into account gender differences when defining normal ranges for lead.


Assuntos
Chumbo/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Chumbo/sangue , Masculino , Padrões de Referência , Espanha , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta
9.
J Trace Elem Med Biol ; 21 Suppl 1: 26-8, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18039491

RESUMO

ISO 15189 standard establishes a requirement to periodically revalidate analytical methods for the determination of trace elements like Pb in blood, as conditions change and technical advances are made. The aim of this study was to revalidate an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) method for determination of Pb in blood over the microrange 25-35 microg/dL, on the basis of historical results of interlaboratory comparison programmes. Precision and inaccuracy were estimated by analysis of records of an external quality control programme for Pb (PICC-PbS). The precision and inaccuracy values obtained were both less than 5%, highly satisfactory in view of the validation requirement that precision and inaccuracy be less than 10%. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this new validation methodology, which does not require any disruption of the laboratory's routine activity, and which can be used even if the method in question has not been validated previously at that laboratory.


Assuntos
Elétrons , Chumbo/sangue , Espectrofotometria Atômica/métodos , Temperatura , Humanos
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