Results From Colombia's 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is vital to the holistic development of young people. Regular participation in PA is associated with substantial benefits for health, cognitive function, and social inclusion. Recognizing the potential of PA in the context of the current peace process in Colombia, the purpose of this article is to present the methodology and results of Colombia's second Report Card on PA for children and youth. METHODS: A group of experts on PA graded 14 PA indicators based on data from national surveys and policy documents. RESULTS: National and departmental policy indicators received a grade of B, while organized sport participation, overweight, obesity, community influence, and nongovernment initiatives indicators received a grade of C. Overall PA levels, active transportation, sedentary behaviors, and school influence received a grade of D. Active play, low physical fitness, and family influence received an Incomplete grade. CONCLUSIONS: PA levels are low and sedentary behaviors are high in Colombian children and youth, with notable geographic differences. A broad policy framework translated into specific actions could provide unique opportunities to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, and contribute to social integration goals in a postconflict setting.

Differential effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I are consistent across hypercholesterolemic patient subgroups.

BACKGROUND: In addition to lowering plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), statins also raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). HYPOTHESIS: Recent studies have shown that treatment with simvastatin results in larger increases in HDL-C than those seen with atorvastatin. The results of three clinical studies are analyzed, comparing the effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin on HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) in the total cohort and in several subgroups of hypercholesterolemic patients. The three studies were all multicenter, randomized clinical trials that included simvastatin (20-80 mg) and atorvastatin (10-80 mg) treatment arms. The subgroup analyses performed were gender; age (< 65 and > or = 65 years); baseline HDL-C (male: < 40 or > or = 40 mg/dl; female: < 45 or > or = 45 mg/dl), baseline LDL-C (< 160 or > or = 160 mg/dl), and baseline triglycerides (< 200 or > or = 200 mg/dl). RESULTS: Both drugs produced similar increases in HDL-C levels at low doses; however, at higher drug doses (40 and 80 mg), HDL-C showed a significantly greater increase with simvastatin than with atorvastatin (p < 0.05 to < 0.001). Therefore, while HDL-C remained consistently elevated across all doses of simvastatin, there appeared to be a pattern of decreasing HDL-C with an increasing dose of atorvastatin. A similar negative dose response pattern was also observed with apo A-I in atorvastatin-treated patients, suggesting a reduction in the number of circulating HDL particles at higher doses. Both drugs reduced LDL-C and triglycerides in a dose-dependent fashion, with atorvastatin showing slightly greater effects. The differential effects of atorvastatin and simvastatin on HDL-C and apo A-I were observed for both the whole study cohorts and all subgroups examined; thus, no consistent treatment-by-subgroup interactions were observed. CONCLUSION: The data presented show that, across different hypercholesterolemic patient subgroups, simvastatin increases HDL-C and apo A-I more than atorvastatin at higher doses, with evidence of a negative dose response effect on HDL-C and apo A-I with atorvastatin, but not simvastatin.

Tiroiditis de Hashimoto

La tiroiditis autoinmune o de hashimoto es hoy diagnosticada con más frecuencia en países latinoamericanos donde antes se creía rara. Ello se debe a la sospecha clínica confirmada por la punción-biopsia con aguja fina o con aguja gruesa ("trucut") y la presencia de anticuerpos antimicrosomales o antitiroglobulina, trabajos de tres grupos, uno Venezolano, otro Argentino y un tercer grupo Colombiano, en los que se analizan las características clínicas y de laboratorio de esta enfermedad.

Tiroiditis de Hashimoto. Estudio de 100 casos

Presentamos 100 casos de tiroiditis de Hashimoto (TH) cuyo diagnóstico se basó en la presencia de bocio y anticuerpos antitiroideos positivos y/o informe de citología del aspirado de tiroides compatible con TH. El promedio de edad fue de 35 años con su mayor incidencia hacia la cuarta década de la vida; la razón mujer a hombre fue 24:1. A 62 pacientes se les realizó aspirado de tiroides; en 54 la citología fue informada como TH. Los anticuerpos antimicrosomales y antitiroglobulina fueron positivos en 83 por ciento y 52 por ciento de los pacientes respectivamente; ambos anticuerpos fueron negativos en 12 pacientes discriminados así: clínico en 57 y subclínico en 23. De los 20 pacientes eutiroideos, seis elevaron la TSH entre uno y medio y tres años después del diagnóstico. Los hallazgos predominantes en los estudios gamagráficos de tiroides con 99mTc fueron: bocio con distribución homogénea y normo o hipercaptación del radiotrazados. Concluimos que la TH no es tan rara en nuestro medio y que se requieren estudios de mayor envergadura para determinar su prevalencia.