[Validation of a Dispositional Hope Scale for Chilean children and adolescents]. / Validación de una Escala de Esperanza Disposicional para población infantil y juvenil chilena.

According to Snyder's theory, hope is defined as a dispositional attribute consisting of two dimensions, agency and pathway thinking. This construct has been widely studied because of its association with quality and satisfaction with life. In the Chilean context, there is no valid measure adapted to the population of children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To assess the psychometric properties of the Dispositional Hope Scale for Chilean children and adolescents (NNA, for its acronym in Spanish). SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The study was conducted on 331 NNA, aged 10 to 20 years, from different educational centers in the country. Reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In addition, one-factor vs two-factor models were compared using the Maximum Likelihood (MLR), while validity was analyzed in relation to other variables, specifically depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The scale showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89 and an adequate fit to the two-factor model, keeping the original structure proposed by Snyder et al. It is negatively related to depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: The NNA Hope Scale shows appropriate psychometric properties for its use on Chilean NNA population.

Estructura factorial e Invarianza Métrica del Test de Orientación Vital en niños valorado por los padres (LOT-P) / Factor structure and metric invariance of LOT-P on children, validated by parents

Antecedentes Basada en la teoría de Carver y Scheier, el optimismo es definido como un rasgo o disposición que consta de dos dimensiones, optimismo y pesimismo. Este constructo es ampliamente estudiado por su asociación con calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico. En el contexto nacional no se cuenta con un instrumento validado para medir este constructo en población infantojuvenil. En el presente artículo, se ofrece una alternativa para su evaluación en un amplio margen de edades a través de la medición realizada por los padres y madres en dos etapas del ciclo vital infantojuvenil. Objetivo El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la estructura factorial de la versión chilena del Test de Orientación Vital en niños, niñas y jóvenes, valorado por los padres, LOT-P. Para ello, se evaluó una muestra de 392 personas, padres y madres chilenos. Resultados Para el análisis, se revisó la fiabilidad para la muestra total, por género de padres, y por grupo etario. Asimismo, para el análisis factorial confirmatorio, se revisaron los índices de ajuste comúnmente utilizados en la práctica investigativa. Los datos obtenidos proporcionan evidencia que el instrumento se ajusta a la propuesta original de Lemola y colaboradores, correspondiente a una estructura bidimensional. Asimismo, se evidenció la equivalencia de la escala entre padres y madres, como para distintos tipos etarios. Conclusiones En conclusión, la escala LOT-P posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la evaluación del optimismo de los niños, niñas y jóvenes, reportado por sus padres y madres. Algunas de las limitaciones de esta investigación se relacionan con la mayor participación de personas con un nivel educacional y socioeconómico alto, por ejemplo.

Background Based on the theory by Carver y Scheier, optimism is defined as a trait or disposition consisting of two dimensions, optimism and pessimism. This construct is widely studied for its association with quality of life and psychological well-being. In the Chilean context, this construct does not have a valid measure of children and youth. This paper offers, is offered an alternative for its evaluation in a wide range of ages through the measurement carried out by the fathers and mothers. Objective For the analysis, reliability was reviewed for the total sample, by gender of parents, and by age group. Likewise, for confirmatory factor analysis, the adjustment indices commonly used in research practice were reviewed. This study aims to assess the factor structure of LOT-P on Chilean children and youth, as reported by parents. Results Data obtained on a sample of 392 Chilean parents show a good fit with the two-dimensional structure proposed by Lemola et al. Additionally, results show metric invariance between mothers and fathers, s for different age types. Conclusions Therefore, LOT-P shows psychometric properties suitable for assessing NNA optimism, as reported by parents. This investigation has some limitations related with a high educational and socioeconomic level of the participants, for example.