RESUMO
The quest for microbial cellulases has intensified as a response to global challenges in biofuel production. The efficient deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass holds promise for generating valuable products in various industries such as food, textile, and detergents. This article presents a systematic bioprospection aimed at isolating actinomycetes with exceptional cellulose deconstruction capabilities. Our methodology explored the biodiverse oligotrophic region of Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila, within the Chihuahuan Desert. Among the evaluated actinomycetes collection, 78% exhibited cellulolytic activity. Through a meticulous screening process based on enzymatic index evaluation, we identified a highly cellulolytic Streptomyces strain for further investigation. Submerged fermentation of this strain revealed an endoglucanase enzymatic activity of 149 U/mg. Genomic analysis of strain Streptomyces sp. STCH565-A revealed unique configurations of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes, underscoring its potential for lignocellulosic bioconversion applications. These findings not only highlight the significance of the Chihuahuan Desert as a rich source of cellulolytic microorganisms but also offer insights into the systematic exploration and selection of high-performing cellulolytic microorganisms for application in diverse environmental contexts. In conclusion, our bioprospecting study lays a foundation for harnessing the cellulolytic potential of actinomycetes from the Chihuahuan Desert, with implications for advancing cellulose deconstruction processes in various industries. The findings can serve as a blueprint for future bioprospecting efforts in different regions, facilitating the targeted discovery of microorganisms with exceptional cellulosic deconstruction capabilities.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria , Celulase , Celulases , Streptomyces , Actinobacteria/genética , Actinomyces , Celulose , Celulases/genética , Celulase/genéticaRESUMO
Los residuos agrícolas de cosecha de caña de azúcar (RAC), se constituyen en una materia prima alternativa para la producción de etanol carburante, dado su contenido de celulosa próximo al 40%. El aprovechamiento de la celulosa depende de la aplicación de tratamientos fisicoquímicos o bioquímicos, que permitan la liberación de la glucosa y su posterior utilización en procesos fermentativos. La hidrólisis enzimática de estos residuos requiere un complejo celulolítico producido por microorganismos, comprendido por tres actividades enzimáticas: Endoglucanasas, Exoglucanasas y β-Glucosidasas. En el presente estudio, se evaluaron las enzimas celulolíticas producidas por dos hongos nativos del género Aspergillus spp., CH 2016 y CH 2001, mediante procesos de fermentación en estado sólido utilizando como sustrato RAC pre-tratados con organosolventes (deslignificado) y sin este pre-tratamiento. La cepa CH 2016 presentó la mayor actividad endoglucanasa 11,0773 U/mL en el sustrato sin pre-tratar el día siete de fermentación; esta misma cepa, en el sustrato deslignificado presentó la mayor actividad exoglucanasa (0,042 U/mL) y celulasa total (0,287 UPF/mL) en el día cinco de fermentación. La cepa CH 2001 presentó la mayor actividad β-glucosidasa (0,1778 U/mL) en el sustrato sin pre-tratar el día cinco de fermentación. Se observó que las variables sustrato y tiempo de fermentación, inciden en la expresión de las enzimas celulolíticas obteniendo en este trabajo extractos enzimáticos que pueden llevar a cabo una acción hidrolítica sinérgica sobre la celulosa.
Sugarcane harvesting residues are considered as a raw material for fuel ethanol production due its high content of cellulose, around 40% DS. The use of cellulose depends of the application of physicochemical or biochemical treatments that allow the release of glucose and its subsequent uses in fermentation processes. The enzymatic hydrolysis of these residues requires a cellulolytic complex produced by microorganisms, including three enzymatic activities: Endoglucanases, β-Glucosidases and Exoglucanases. In the present study, cellulolytic enzymes produced by two native fungi Aspergillus spp., CH 2016 and CH 2001 was assessment, through of solid-state fermentation processes using as raw substrate RAC and pre-treated with organosolvents (delignified). Strain CH 2016 had the highest endoglucanase activity 11.0773 U/mL in the raw substrate on day seven of fermentation, the same strain, in the delignified substrate showed the highest activity exoglucanasa (0.042 U/mL ) and total cellulase (0.287 UPF/mL) on day five of fermentation. Strain CH 2001 got the highest β-glucosidase activity (0.1778 U/mL) in the substrate without pre-treatment on day 5 of fermentation. It was observed that the variables as substrate and fermentation time affected the expression of cellulolytic enzymes.
