Youth suicide and hospital-presenting suicide attempts: Examination of risk factors for multiple suicide attempts in adolescence.

BACKGROUND: The suicide rate among adolescents around the world has increased rapidly. There are many risk factors for attempting suicide, but not all have been clarified yet. Therefore, it is very important to identify risk factors. This study evaluated adolescents with a history of suicide attempts and their association with chronic diseases. Besides, to check whether they attempted suicide multiple times. Other clinical features related to multiple suicide attempts were investigated. METHOD: This study used a multicentre, retrospective cross-sectional design; 253 adolescents admitted to emergency departments in 2019 for suicide attempts were evaluated. RESULTS: Adolescents with chronic disease were at greater risk for both single and multiple suicide attempts and patients had a 6.14 times higher risk of multiple attempts (p = .013). The likelihood of multiple attempts did not differ according to the presence of somatic or psychiatric disease. Multiple attempters were more likely to poison themselves with their therapeutic drugs (p = .002). CONCLUSION: When adolescents with a chronic disease present to the emergency services after a single suicide attempt using their therapeutic drugs, families should be informed regarding the potential for further attempts.

The Burden of Burnout Syndrome in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Pediatric Emergency Department: A Multicenter Evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to detect variables associated with burnout syndrome (BS) in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and pediatric emergency medicine departments (PEDs) in high-volume centers from different parts of Turkey. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. The Maslach Burnout Inventory scale was administered to all of health care providers working in PICUs and PEDs. In this study, health care providers were defined as physicians, nurses, and other staff (secretaries, cleaning and patient care staff) working in PICU and PEDs. RESULTS: A total of 570 participants completed the survey. The major finding of this study was that 76.1% (n = 434) of PICU and PED health care professionals had BS. The most prominent subscale of BS was emotional exhaustion (62.5%). The rate of BS was higher among health care providers working in PEDs compared with PICUs (79.1% vs 73.7%, P = 0.04). The frequency of BS according to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales was higher in health care providers of PEDs. The rate of BS was also significantly higher in younger employees, females, those working 51 or more hours totally in a week, those having a low monthly salary, those single or divorced, those without children, those with no childcare at home, those not owning a home, those not doing regular exercise and not having regular breakfast, those with total employment time of less than 1 year, and those not having a car or not having a hobby. In PEDs, when the daily evaluated number of patients was equal to or more than 44 (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 66%), it predicted the occurrence of BS. In PICUs, when the number of patients cared for by 1 nurse was equal to or more than 3, it predicted the occurrence of BS (sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 62%). CONCLUSIONS: By creating early intervention programs to prevent BS, shortages of health care professionals can be avoided and the costs of health care expenditures related to infections can be decreased.

Gelsolin levels in patients with bronchiolitis.

Hüsrevoglu-Esen F. Altuner-Torun Y, Karakükçü Ç, Köse S, Sehriyaroglu A, Kafadar D, Esen A, Köse M. Gelsolin levels in patients with bronchiolitis. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 286-289. Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. Biomarkers can show severity of the disease and help in clinical management. In this study, the aim was to determine the clinical predictiveness of plasma gelsolin levels (pGSN) in acute bronchiolitis. From December 2013 to May 2014, 52 patients with bronchiolitis (aged < 24 months) were included in this study. Baseline clinical characteristic, complete blood count, C-Reactive Protein, plasma gelsolin levels, chest X-rays were obtained in all patients. The patients were divided into three groups as mild, moderate and severe based on clinical findings. There was no significant difference in pGSN levels between the control group and 3 study groups according to their clinical scores such as mild, moderate and severe bronchiolitis (p > 0.05). Recent studies reported that pGSN levels can be used as a biomarker in sepsis, inflammation and injuries. In this study, we have demonstrated that pGSN level is not a predictive biomarker of bronchiolitis and its severity. Hence, we hypothesized that pGSN levels can be used in bacterial infections rather than viral infections as a biomarker.

Comparing the Efficacy of 7%, 3% and 0.9% Saline in Moderate to Severe Bronchiolitis in Infants.

BACKGROUND: There is no standard treatment option in acute bronchiolitis. 3-7% hypertonic saline (HS) seems to be the effective treatment choice for reducing the hospitalization day. AIMS: To compare the effect of nebulized 7% HS/salbutamol and 3% HS/salbutamol to 0.9% saline/salbutamol. The primary outcome measure was the effect of study drugs on the length of hospital stay (LOS). Secondary outcome measures were safety and efficacy in reducing the clinical severity score (CSS) at the 24 hours of the study. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, double-blinded randomized clinical study. METHODS: The study consists of 104 infants. Groups were constituted according to the treatment they received: These are, group A - 0.9% saline/salbutamol, group B -3% HS/salbutamol and group C-7% HS/salbutamol. Heart beat, Bronchiolitis CSS and oxygen saturation of the patients were determined before and after nebulization. The patients were monitored for adverse reactions. RESULTS: Length of hospital stay in group A, B and C were as follows; 72.0 (20-288) hours in group A, 64.0 (12-168) hours in group B and 60.0 (12-264) hours in group C. No significant differences was observed among three groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: 7% HS and 3% HS does not have any effect to decrease LOS for infants with bronchiolitis.

Importance of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in monitoring acute rheumatic carditis.

PURPOSE: To detect the relationship of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels with clinical and laboratory findings by measuring them at diagnosis, during, and after treatment in children with acute rheumatic carditis. METHOD: A total of 40 children including 20 acute rheumatic carditis patients aged between 5 and 16 years 20 healthy children as controls were included in the study. Blood was drawn from patients at diagnosis and in the first week, first month and third month after treatment in order to detect pro-brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. All patients underwent echocardiography. RESULTS: The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels of children with acute rheumatic carditis were significantly higher than those of the control group at diagnosis and during treatment (p<0.05). Echocardiographic evaluation of acute rheumatic carditis patients revealed that the left atrium diameter continued to decrease during the study and that the mean left atrium diameters measured at diagnosis and in the first week were statistically higher than the mean left atrium diameters measured in the third month. There was significant correlation between left atrium diameters at diagnosis and in the first month and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels during the same periods in the patient group. CONCLUSION: Previous studies have used N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels as a marker of enlargement of the left atrium, whereas in this study we want to emphasise its role as a marker of inflammation. This increase was significantly correlated with enlargement in the left atrium. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels were found to be a valuable determinant in indicating cardiac inflammation and haemodynamics.